We have audited the standalone financial statements of Tata Motors Limited (the "Company"), its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) and its Trust which comprise the standalone balance sheet as at 31 March 2025, and the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), standalone statement of changes in equity and standalone statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including material accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2025, and its profit and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key Audit Matter
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Provision for Warranty
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See Note 27 to standalone financial statements
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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The Company incurs a liability for warranty contracts on new vehicle sales, in terms of which it is obligated to provide repair services for manufacturing defects over the contractual warranty period. As detailed in note 27 of the standalone financial statements, as at 31 March 2025, the Company has warranty provisions of Rs. 2,291 crores.
The Company records a warranty provision at period end which involves complexity, judgement and significant level of uncertainty. The computation of the provision considers the historical actual claims data and the recent data trends to estimate the expected payouts for vehicles sold in respective years. Such expected payouts are adjusted for any cost savings expected from various ongoing quality initiatives. There is an inherent uncertainty related to future events which may not mirror past experience. The likelihood of risk of material misstatement has further increased due to increasing warranty spend in the year which has diverged from provision levels.
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In view of the significance of the matter we applied the following audit procedures in this area
Test of Controls:
Evaluated the design and implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to computation and approval of the warranty provisions. This includes evaluation of assumptions and information related to expected warranty cost per vehicle and future events related to expected cost savings underlying the warranty provision computation.
Test of details:
• Evaluated any changes made to the provision policy and computation model;
• Assessed and challenged the assumptions and recomputed the inputs used in warranty provision computation;
• Identified and tested the completeness and accuracy of underlying information used in computation of
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provision with the assistance of our Information technology specialists;
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Provision for Warranty
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See Note 27 to standalone financial statements
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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We determined provision for product warranty as a
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key
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• Tested actualization of estimated warranty provision using
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audit matter due to high estimation uncertainty involvement of significant judgement.
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and
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statistical sampling;
• Performed retrospective assessment of provision by comparing estimated and actual payments against warranty claims; and
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures relating to the estimation of Product warranty provisions.
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Other Information
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, but does not include the financial statements and auditor's report thereon. The annual report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the annnual report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance and take necessary actions, as applicable under the relevant laws and regulations.
Management's and Board of Directors' and Board of Trustees' Responsibilities for the Standalone Financial Statements
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs, profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Act. The respective Management and Board of Directors of the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) and Board of Trustees of the Trust are responsible for maintenance of adequate
accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company, its joint operation (including its subsidiary company) and its Trust and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, the respective Management and Board of Directors/Board of Trustees are responsible for assessing the ability of each company/Trust to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the respective Board of Directors/Board of Trustees either intends to liquidate the company/Trust or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The respective Board of Directors/Board of Trustees are responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process of each company/Trust.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)
(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the Management and Board of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Management and Board of Directors use of the going concern basis of accounting in preparation of standalone financial statements and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance of the Company and such other entities included in the standalone financial statements of which we are the independent auditors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government of India in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give in the "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2 A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except for the matters stated in the paragraph 2(B)(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), the standalone statement of changes in equity and the standalone statement of cash flows dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representations received from the directors of the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) as on 1 April 2025 to 10 April 2025 taken on record by the respective Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
f. the modification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in the paragraph 2(A)(b) above on reporting under Section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 2B(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in "Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations as at 31 March 2025 on its financial position in its standalone financial statements - Refer Note 39 to the standalone financial statements.
b. The Company has made provision, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-term contracts including derivative contracts - Refer Note 50 (ii) to the standalone financial statements.
c. There is one instance of delay in transferring amounts, required to be transferred, to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company amounting to Rs. 0.08 crores during the year. Further, there were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the joint operation company (including its subsidiary company).
d. (i) The respective management of the Company
and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India whose financial statements has been audited under the Act has represented to us that, to
the best of its knowledge and belief, other than as disclosed in the Note 49 (IV) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The respective management of the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India whose financial statements has been audited under the Act has represented to us that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the Note 49 (V) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) shall directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Parties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided under (i) and (ii) above, contain any material misstatement.
e. The final dividend paid by the Company during the year, in respect of the same declared for the previous year, is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to payment of dividend.
As stated in Note 21(B)(g) to the standalone financial statements, the Board of Directors of the Company has proposed final dividend for the year which is subject to the approval of the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. The dividend declared is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to declaration of dividend.
The interim dividend declared and paid by the joint operation company during the year is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act.
f. Based on our examination which included test checks, except for the instances mentioned below, the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) have used accounting softwares for maintaining its books of account which, along with privilege access management tool, wherever applicable, have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the respective softwares:
i. In respect of the Company, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was not enabled at the database level to log any direct data changes for the accounting software used for maintaining price master, variable marketing expenses and time records for product development cost.
ii. In respect of the Company, in the absence of coverage of audit trail (edit log) with respect to database level in the independent auditor's report in relation to controls at the service organization for accounting software used for preparation of financial statements, which is operated by third party software service provider, we are unable to comment whether the audit trail feature of the database level of the said software was enabled and operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software.
iii. In respect of the joint operation company (including its subsidiary company), for the accounting software used for maintaining:
• its general ledger, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was not enabled from 1 April 2024 to 29 January 2025. Further, the audit trail
feature was not enabled in respect of direct create action at the database level.
• its payroll records, the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was not enabled for the period from 1 April 2024 to 21 March 2025.
Further, where audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled and operated, we did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with. Additionally, except where the audit trail (edit log) facility was not enabled in the previous year, the audit trail has been preserved by the Company and its joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) as per the statutory requirements for record retention, except for the accounting software used for preparation of financial statements where the audit trail has not been preserved.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in the Auditor's Report under Section 197(16) of the Act:
In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the current year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act. The remuneration paid to any director by the Company is not in excess of the limit laid down under Section 197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has not prescribed other details under Section 197(16) of the Act which are required to be commented upon by us.
Further, with respect to the joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) included in the standalone financial statements, in our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, the provisions of Section 197 of the Act are not applicable to the joint operation company (including its subsidiary company) incorporated in India since it is not a public company.
For B S R & Co. LLP
Chartered Accountants Firm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Vijay Mathur
Partner
Membership No.: 046476 ICAI UDIN:25046476BMOWLY1411
Place: Mumbai Date: 13 May 2025
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