2.18 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made for the amount of the obligation.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to Financial Statements. Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements but are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Provisions and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.
2.19 Financial instruments A Financial Assets
The Company recognizes a financial asset in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction cost that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Where the fair value of a financial asset at initial recognition is different from its transaction price, the difference between the fair value and the transaction price is recognized as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
However trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.
Investments and other financial assets
(i) Classification and Measurement
At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through the Profit and Loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial Assets:
Subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company classifies its financial assets into following categories:
1 Amortised cost:
Financial assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
2 Fair value through other comprehensive Income:
Financial assets with a business model:
(A) Whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and
(B) where the Company has exercised the option to classify the investment as at fair value through other comprehensive income, all fair value changes on the assets are recognised in OCI.
The accumulated gains or losses recognised in OCI are reclassified to retained earnings on sale of such investments."
3 Fair value through Profit and Loss:
Financial assets which are not classified in any of the categories above are fair value through profit or loss.
Equity instruments:
The Company measures its equity investment other than in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates at fair value through profit and loss. The investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are measured at cost.
(ii) De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when any of the following occurs:
i. The contractual rights to cash flows from the financial asset expires;
ii The Company transfers its contractual rights to received cash flows of the financial assets
and has substantially transferred all the risk and rewards of ownership of the financial assets;
iii The Company retains the contractual rights to receive cash flows but assumes a contractual obligations to pay the cash flows without material delay to one or more recipients under a 'pass-through' arrangement (thereby substantially transferring all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset);
iv The Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all risk and rewards of ownership and does not retain control over the financial asset.
B Financial liabilities:
(i) Measurement
Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial liabilities are initially measured at the amortised cost unless at initial recognition, they are classified as fair value through profit and loss. Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
(ii) De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Derivative financial Instrument
A derivative is a financial instrument which changes in value in response to changes in an underlying asset and is settled at a future date. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Company designates certain derivatives as either:
(a) Hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities (fair value hedge); or
(b) Hedges of a particular risk associated with a firm commitment or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge);
The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an on-going basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. Movements in the hedging reserve are accounted in other comprehensive income and are shown within the statement of changes in equity. The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a noncurrent asset or liability when the remaining maturity of hedged item is more than 12 months, and as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months. Trading derivatives are classified as a current asset or liability
(i) Fair value hedge
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss, together with any changes in the fair value
of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The Company only applies fair value hedge accounting for hedging foreign exchange risk on recognised assets and liabilities.
(ii) Cash Flow Hedge
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains or losses accumulated in equity are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the Statement of Profit and Loss.
When a hedging instrument expires or is swapped or unwound, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any accumulated gain or loss in other equity remains there and is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss when the forecasted cash flows affect profit or loss. When a forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gains/losses that were reported in equity are immediately transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.20 Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives and investments at fair value as per IND AS 113 at each balance sheet date. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and equity securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1.
Level 2 - The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3 - If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities and investment in private equity funds, real estate funds.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
2.21 Non-current assets held for sale/distribution to owners and discontinued operations
The Company classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale/distribution if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale/distribution rather than through continuing use. Actions required to complete the sale/distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management expects that the sale/distribution will be completed within one year from the date of classification.
The criteria for held for sale/distribution classification is regarded met only when the assets or disposal group is available for immediate sale/distribution in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales/distribution of such assets (or disposal groups), its sale/distribution is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned.
Non-current assets held for sale/for distribution to owners and disposal groups are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell/distribute. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale/distribution are presented separately in the balance sheet.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale/distribution are not depreciated or amortised.
A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations.
Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss.
2.22 Key Accounting Estimates And Judgments
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the application of accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on ongoing basis. Any changes to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively. Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies, as well as estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are included in the following notes:
(i) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
(ii) Impairment of non - financial assets
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm's length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset's performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to disclosure of fair value of investment property recorded by the Company.
(iii) Provision for Contingent Liabilities
On an ongoing basis, Company reviews pending cases, claims by third parties and other contingencies. For contingent losses that are considered probable, an estimated loss is recorded as an accrual in financial statements. Loss Contingencies that are considered possible are not provided for but disclosed as Contingent liabilities in the financial statements. Contingencies the likelihood of which is remote are not disclosed in the financial statements. Gain contingencies are not recognized until the contingency has been resolved and amounts are received or receivable.
(iv) Valuation of deferred tax assets
The Company reviews the carrying amount of deferred tax assets at the end of each reporting period. The policy for the same has been explained under note above.
(v) Defined benefit plans
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
Preshipment Credit includes
a) Preshipment credit taken from HDFC Bank in foreign currency amounting to Rs. Nil (PY: Rs. 5,092.24 ) Lakhs which is primarily secured against hypothecation of stocks and book debts and collaterally secured by pledge of Fixed Deposits held in the name of third parties (Shareholders).
b) Preshipment credit taken from Axis Bank in foreign currency amounting to Rs. 2,411.603 (PY: Rs. 2,971.22 ) Lakhs which is primarily secured against pari passu charge by way of hypothecation of entire current assets and movable fixed assets of the borrower with HDFC Bank, collateral security by pledge of lien of fixed deposit held in the name of Managing Director and Spectra International Limited and exclusive charge by way of registered mortgage on commercial property located at office No. 1, 2 & 3 4th Floor Grandeur Building, Veera Desai Road, Oshiwara Mumbai Maharashtra 400053 and Commercial property located at Morya Classic Unit No 203 ,new link road , Veera Desai Road , Andheri west 400053 standing in the name of Spectra International Limited. The credit facility is further secured by the personal guarantee of Managing Director and Corporate guarantee by Spectra International Private Limited (formerly known as Spectra International Limited).
c) Preshipment credit (sub-limit of Export Packing credit) taken from ICICI Bank in the foreign currency amounting to Rs. 634.8015 (PY Rs. Nil) Lakhs which is primarily secured against pari passu charge by way of hypothecation of entire current assets and exclusive charge by way of registered mortgage on commercial property located at Morya Classic Unite no 405, 406, 407 & 408, New Link Road, Veera Desai Road, Oshiwara Mumbai Maharashtra 400053. The credit facility is further secured by the personal guarantee of Managing Director and Corporate Guarantee by Spectra International Private Limited (formerly known as Spectra International Limited).
Export Packing Credit includes
Export Packing credit taken from HDFC Bank in the foreign currency amounting to Rs. Nil (PY Rs. 307.12) Lakhs which is primarily secured against hypothecation of stocks and book debts and collaterally secured by pledge of Fixed Deposits held in the name of third parties (Shareholder).
Note 44 : Leases
In current year, the Company has recognised Interest on Lease Liability and Amortization of Right of use Asset as per IndAS 116 'Lease' in the statement of Profit and Loss as under
- Finance Cost' in Note no. 34 Interest on Lease Liability of Rs. 34.25 lakhs (PY 44.04 lakhs).
- Depreciation and Amortization expense' in Note no. 35. Amortization of Lease Liability of Rs. 114.74 Lakhs (PY Rs. 116.66 Lakhs).
- The total outstanding cash outflow for lease as per the agreement is Rs. 308.23 Lakhs (PY Rs. 481.67 Lakhs).
- There has been addition to right of use asset in the current period of Rs 4.24 lakhs (PY Rs. 0.65 Lakhs).
- There has been deletion to right of use asset in the current period of Rs 2.06 Lakhs (PY Rs 0.95 Lakhs).
The Company has taken premises under leave and license agreement, the rent and escalation depends upon the lease
by the Company. The Company has entered into an lease agreement for the period of 5 years, with escalation clause.
The disclosure requirement and maturity analysis of lease liability and asset as per IndAS 107 'Financial Instrument : Disclosures' are as follows:
The management assessed that the fair value of cash and cash equivalent, and other current financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short term maturities of these instruments.
Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and equity securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1.
Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities and investment in private equity funds, real estate funds.
ii. Valuation technique used to determine fair value
Specific Valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:
- the use of quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments
- the fair value of unquoted equity instruments has been measured on the basis of their net worth and valuation
of their shares.
- the fair value of equity shares of group companies are measured at cost.
- the fair value of the remaining financial instruments is determined using discounted cash flow analysis
iii. Valuation processes
The finance department of the company includes a team that performs the valuations of financial assets and liabilities required for financial reporting purposes, including level 3 fair values.
Note 46 : Capital Management
For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity share capital, securities premium and all other reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to maximise the value of the share and to reduce the cost of capital.
The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:
- Market Risk;
- Credit Risk; and
- Liquidity Risk
(A) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of change in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk such as equity price risk and commodity/real estate risk.
(i) Foreign currency risk
The Company operates across various geographies and is exposed to foreign exchange risk on its various currency exposures. The risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company's operating activities and translation risk, which arises from recognition of foreign currency assets and liabilities.
Foreign currency Risk Management
In respect of the foreign currency transactions, the company has designated certain foreign exchange forward contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure on highly probable forecasted transactions. In addition to the above the company has a natural hedge on trade receivables through packing credit facility.
(ii) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The interest rate risk can also impact the provision for retiral benefits. The Company generally utilises fixed rate borrowings and therefore not subject to interest rate risk, since neither the carrying amount nor the future cash flows will fluctuate because of change in the market interest rates.
The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate risk as at the respective reporting dates.
(iii) Equity price risk
The Company is exposed to equity price risk, which arises from FVTPL and FVOCI investments. The Company's unlisted equity securities are of subsidiary and deemed cost of the same are taken as per the valuation report. The value of the financial instruments is not material and accordingly any change in the value of these investments will not affect materially the profit or loss of the Company.
(B) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions and other financial instruments.
Trade Receivable
Customer credit risk is managed by the Company's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. The Company is in the business of export of FMCG, Cosmetics and other products. Credit quality of a customer is assessed by the management on regular basis with market information and individual credit limits are defined accordingly. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and any further services to major customers are approved by the senior management.
An impairment analysis is performed at each re-equipment date on an individual basis for major customers. In addition, a large number of minor receivables are grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the re-equipment date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets disclosed in Note 10.
On account of adoption of Ind-AS 109, the Company uses expected credit loss model to assess the impairment loss or gain. The Company uses a provision matrix to compute the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables. The provision matrix takes into account available external and internal credit risk factors and the Company's historical experience for customers. The movement of allowance for impairments of trade receivables are as follows
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Company's finance department in accordance with the Company's policy. Investments of surplus funds are made generally in the fixed deposits and for funding to subsidiary company. The investment limits are set to minimise the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss to make payments for vendors
The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at March 31,2025 and March 31,2024 is the carrying amounts as stated in balance sheet except for balances of subsidiary company. The Company's maximum exposure relating to financial guarantees and financial derivative instruments is noted in the liquidity table below.
(C) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at reasonable price. Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of credit facilities to meet obligations when due. The Company's finance team is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. Management monitors the Company's liquidity position through rolling forecasts on the basis of expected cash flows.
The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Company can be required to pay. In the table below, borrowings include both interest and principal cash flows.
Note 48 : Other Statutory Information
i The Company do not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.
ii The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies ('ROC') beyond the statutory period.
iii The Company has not been declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institutions or other lenders.
iv During the year, the Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and Equipments.
v The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
vi The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries); or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
vii The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
viii The Company have not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
ix Based on the information available with the Company, the Company do not have any transactions with companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956.
x Reconciliation of Quarterly Returns submitted to Banks :
The Company has availed credit facilities from HDFC Bank against security of its Current Assets. The Company has filed all returns regularly. There has been no material differences and the amount as per books of account are in agreement with amount as reported in quarterly returns except as mentioned herein below :
Note 51 : Segmental Reporting a. Primary Segments - Business Segment :
Based on the guiding principles given in Ind-AS - 108 'Operating Segment' prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the relevant rules issued thereunder and other accounting principles accepted in India, the Company's primary business consist of; "Export of FMCG, Cosmetics and other products'. As the Company's business actually falls within a single primary business segment, the disclosure requirements of Ind AS - 108 in this regard are not applicable.
Note 52 : In the opinion of the Board the Current Assets, Loans & Advances are realisable in the ordinary course of business at least equal to the amount at which they are stated in the Balance Sheet. The provision for all known liabilities is adequate and not in excess of amount reasonably necessary.
Note 53 : The Code on Social Security, 2020 ('Code') relating to employee benefits during employment and post¬ employment benefits received Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on which the Code will come into effect has not been notified and the final rules/ interpretation have not yet been issued. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective.
Note 54 : The Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, there are no instance of audit trail feature being tampered and the audit trail has been preserved by the company as per the statutory requirements for record retention.
Note 55 : Figures of previous year have been regrouped / rearranged wherever necessary.
In terms of our report of even date For and on behalf of the Board of Directors of
For JASS & Co LLP Lykis Limited
(formerly known as Singrodia & Co LLP)
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No.: W100280
Akshay Agarwal Nadir Dhrolia Shafeen Charania
Partner Managing Director Non-Executive Director
Membership No.: 170148 03303675 07283015
UDIN : 25170148BMLGFT8661
Shrigopal Kandoi Darshana Sawant
Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Date : May 23, 2025 Date : May 23, 2025
Place : Mumbai Place : Mumbai
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