l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
i. Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event,
it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation and a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle
the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is
recognized as interest expense.
ii. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which
will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the
control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
iii. Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.
iv. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
m) Earnings per share
i. The basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the period by
the weighted average number of equities shares outstanding during the year.
ii. The diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the year
by the weighted average number of equity and equivalent potential dilutive equity shares outstanding during the year,
except where the result would be anti-dilutive.
n) Taxation
i. I ncome tax expense for the year comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax is the expected tax payable/
receivable on the taxable income/ loss for the year using applicable tax rates for the relevant period, and any adjustment
to taxes in respect of previous years. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to
situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
ii. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized
amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.
iii. Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred
income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the
reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax assets is realized or the deferred
income tax liability is settled.
iv. Deferred tax is recognized in Statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly
in OCI or equity, in which case it is recognized in OCI or equity. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for
all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable
profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
o) Government Grants
i. Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached
conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to expense item, it is recognized in the Statement of Profit and
Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed.
ii. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
p) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments
with original maturities of three months or less.
q) Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax are adjusted for the effects of transactions of a
non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses
associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating) activities,
investing activities and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
r) Employee Benefits
i. Short-term employee benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12
months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of
employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be incurred
when the liabilities are settled.
ii. Long Term Employee Benefit Plan
The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature.
Expense on non- accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the compensated absences
occur.
iii. Post Separation Employee Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan
Liability recognized in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the
end of each reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by
the Company. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.
Defined Contribution Plans
Defined contribution plans are Employee Provident Fund scheme and Employee State Insurance scheme for eligible
employees.
The Company's contribution to defined contribution plans is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and
Loss as they fall due.
s) Leases
Company as a lessor:
The Company as a lessor, classifies leases as either operating lease or finance lease. A lease is classified as a finance lease
if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset. Initially asset held under
finance lease is recognised in balance sheet and presented as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the
lease. Finance income is recognised over the lease term, based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on
Company's net investment in the lease. A lease which is not classified as a finance lease is an operating lease. Accordingly,
the Company recognises lease payments as income on a straight-line basis in case of assets given on operating leases. The
Company presents underlying assets subject to operating lease in its balance sheet under the respective class of asset.
Lease is a finance lease or an operating lease depends on the substance of the transaction rather than the form of the
contract. Examples of situations that individually or in combination would normally lead to a lease being classified as a
finance lease are:
(a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
(b) the lessee has the option to purchase the underlying asset at a price that is expected to be sufficiently lower than the fair
value at the date the option becomes exercisable for it to be reasonably certain, at the inception date, that the option will
be exercised;
(c) the lease term is for the major part of the economic life of the underlying asset even if title is not transferred.
(d) at the inception date, the present value of the lease payments amounts to at least substantially all of the fair value of the
underlying asset; and
(e) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that only the lessee can use it without major modifications.
Where the Company is the lessee
Right of use assets and lease liabilities
A lease is defined as 'a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period
of time in exchange for consideration'. The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. To assess whether
a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
i. the contract involves the use of an identified asset,
ii. the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and
iii. the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
Recognition and initial measurement
At lease commencement date, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet. The
right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any initial direct costs
incurred by the Company, an estimate of any costs to dismantle and remove the asset at the end of the lease (if any), and
any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date (net of any incentives received).
Subsequent measurement
The Company depreciates the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier
of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The Company also assesses the right-of-use
asset for impairment when such indicators exist.
At lease commencement date, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments unpaid at
that date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily available or the Company's incremental
borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are made up of fixed payments (including
in substance fixed payments). Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability will be reduced for payments made and
increased for interest. It is re-measured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance
fixed payments. When the lease liability is re-measured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset.
The Company has elected to account for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets using the practical expedients.
Instead of recognizing a right-of use asset and lease liability, the payments in relation to these are recognized as an expense
in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
t) Dividend
The Company recognizes a liability for any dividend declared but not distributed at the end of the reporting period, when
the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company on or before the end of the
reporting period. As per Corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A
corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.
u) Financial guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse
the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of
a debt instrument. Commission charged from the entity on whose behalf the guarantee has been issued is taken as corporate
guarantee charges in the Statement of profit and loss.
v) Significant management judgement in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty
The following are the critical judgments and the key estimates concerning the future that management has made in the process
of applying the Company's accounting policies and that may have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in
the financial statements or that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities within the next financial year.
I. Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets
The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of several external and internal
factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.
II. Recognition of deferred tax assets
The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognized is based on an assessment of the probability of the future
taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.
• Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments quoted in active markets is based on their quoted closing price at the balance sheet
date;
• Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques
using observable market data. Such valuation techniques include discounted cash flows, standard valuation models based on
market parameters for interest rates, yield curves or foreign exchange rates, dealer quotes for similar instruments and use of
comparable arm's length transactions; and
• Level 3: The fair value of financial instruments that are measured on the basis of entity specific valuations using inputs that are
not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
Calculation of Fair Values
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer
a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Methods and assumptions used to estimate
the fair values are consistent with prior years.
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as at Balance Sheet date:
1. The fair values of investments in mutual fund units is based on the net asset value ('NAV') as stated by the issuers of these mutual
fund units in the published statements as at Balance Sheet date. NAV represents the price at which the issuer will issue further
units of mutual fund and the price at which issuers will redeem such units from the investors.
2. The fair values of the derivative financial instruments have been determined using valuation techniques with market observable
inputs. The models incorporate various inputs including the credit quality of counter-parties and foreign exchange forward rates.
3. Loans - Security Deposits have fair values that approximate to their carrying amounts as it is based on the net present value of
the anticipated future cash flows using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities.
Note 37: Financial Risk Management
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. The Company's primary focus
is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance.
i) Credit Risk
Credit risk arises from trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and financial institutions.
A default on a financial asset is when the counter party fails to make contractual payments within agreed credit terms from the
date when they fall due. This definition of default is determined by considering the business environment in which entity operates
and other macro-economic factors.
The maximum exposure to the credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables amounting to ' 89.24 lakhs
(March 31, 2024 - ' 87.61 lakhs) shown as current as at reporting date. Trade receivables are typically unsecured. Credit risk
is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to
which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The Company expects that estimate of expected credit
loss for impairment is immaterial based on historical trend and the nature of business. No provision is considered necessary as
at reporting date and Management continuously assesses the requirement for provision on ongoing basis. During the year, the
Company has made no write-offs of trade receivables.
The Company's exposure to credit risk, excluding receivables from related parties, is influenced mainly by the individual
characteristic of each customer
ii) Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities
that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far
as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions,
without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.
The Management regularly monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity position on the basis of expected cash flows to
ensure it has sufficient cash to meet ongoing operational fund requirements.
iii) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices - such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices - will affect
the Company's income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage
and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.
Interest rate risk
The Company's policy is to minimize interest rate cash flow risk exposures on long-term financing. As at March 31, 2025, the
Company is not exposed to changes in market interest rates through bank borrowings at variable interest rates.
Interest rate risk exposure
Below is the overall exposure of the Company to interest rate risk:
Management assesses the Company's capital requirements in order to maintain an efficient overall financing structure while avoiding
excessive leverage. This takes into account the subordination levels of the Company's various classes of debt. The Company
manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics
of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to
shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.
Note 39 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Indian Accounting Standard 115, 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' (“Ind AS 115”), establishes a framework for determining
whether, how much and when revenue is recognized and requires disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of
revenues and cash flows arising from customer contracts. Under Ind AS 115, revenue is recognized through a 5-step approach:
(i) Identify the contract(s) with customer;
(ii) Identify separate performance obligations in the contract;
(iii) Determine the transaction price;
(iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
(v) Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
Significant changes in contract assets and liabilities
There have been no significant changes in the nature of contract assets/contract liabilities during the year
Revenue recognized in relation to contract liabilities
Disaggregation of revenue
The Company has performed a disaggregated analysis of revenues considering the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues.
This includes disclosure of revenues by segment and type.
Note 42 Information's required as per schedule III (amended by MCA notification dated March 23, 2021) and as per Ind-AS has been
disclosed in the financial statements to the extent applicable.
Note 43 Other Statutory Information
I. The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for
holding any Benami property.
II. The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
III. The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities
(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall: a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or
entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or, b) provide any guarantee,
security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
IV. The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the
understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall: a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other
persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or, b) provide
any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
V. The Company has no such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as
income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant
provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
VI. The company has not been declared as willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution (as defined under the Companies Act,
2013) or consortium thereof, in accordance with the guidelines on willful defaulters issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
VII. The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section
560 of Companies Act, 1956.
Note 44: Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies
The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
Note 45: Previous year's figures have been regrouped/restated wherever necessary to conform to current year's classification.
As per our Report of even date For and On behalf of Board of Directors
M/s Sunil Shah Pradeep Chordia Pinal Shah Sanjog Jain
Chartered Accountants Chairman & Managing Director Independent Director Director
(DIN: 00389681) (DIN:08192959) (DIN:08339905)
Sunil Shah Sharvari Kadam Asha Korde
Proprietor Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
M. No. 37483 M. No. A66284
Place: Pune
Date: 29th May, 2025
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