1.6 PROVISIONS
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation
that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the
obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The amount recognised
as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the
reporting period taking into account the risk and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third
party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the
amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
1.7 CONTINGENT LIBILITIES AND ONEROUS CONTRACTS
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the
occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a
present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. The Company does not recognise a
contingent liability, but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Present obligations arising under onerous contracts are recognised and measured as provisions. An onerous contract
is considered to exist where the Company has a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations
under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received from the contract.
1.8 FOREIGN CURRENCY
These financial statements are presented in Indian rupees ('Rs.' or 'INR'), which is the functional currency of the
Company.
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign
currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured into the functional currency at the exchange
rate prevailing on the balance sheet date.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.
1.8a Si nce the figures are reported in lakh in financial statement, there could be casting differences on account of rounding
off.
1.9 INCOME TAXES
- Income tax expense comprises current and deferred taxes. Income tax expense is recognized in the Statement
of Profit and Loss except when they relate to items that are recognised outside profit or loss (whether in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity), in which case tax is also recognised outside profit or loss.
- The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based
on the applicable income tax rate.
- Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences
between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and unutilized business loss
and depreciation carry-forwards and tax credits. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed using tax
rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are
excepted to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is
settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be
available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses, depreciation carry-forwards
and unused tax credits could be utilized.
- Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period
when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets
against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and
the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
- Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised
in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
1.10 EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share has been computed by dividing profit/loss for the year by the weighted average number of
shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid up shares are included as fully paid equivalents according to the
fraction paid up. Diluted earnings per share has been computed using the weighted average number of shares and
dilutive potential shares, except where the result would be anti-dilutive.
1.11 INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued as under :
a) Building Material, Stores, Spares parts etc. . At lower of cost (using FIFO method) or net realizable value.
b) Completed Units (Unsold) At lower of cost or net realizable value.
c) Land At lower of cost or net realizable value.
d) Project/Contracts work in progress At lower of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of Completed units and project/ work in progress includes cost of land, construction/development cost and
other related costs incurred.
Net Realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion
and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
1.12 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
- Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation
less accumulated impairment, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, directly attributable cost for making
the assets ready for intended use, borrowing cost attributable to construction of qualifying assets, upto the
date the assets is ready for its intended use. Freehold land is measured at cost and is not depreciated.
- Interest cost incurred for constructed assets is capitalized up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use,
based on borrowings incurred specifically for financing the asset or the weighted average rate of all other
borrowings, if no specific borrowings have been incurred for the asset.
- Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method (SLM) over the estimated useful lives of the assets
considering the nature, estimated usage, operating conditions, past history of replacement, anticipated
technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support. Taking into account these factors,
the Company has decided to apply the useful life for various categories of property, plant & equipment, which
are as prescribed in Schedule II of the Act. Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
- The useful lives is reviewed at least at each year end. Changes in expected useful lives are treated as change in
accounting estimate.
- Leased assets and leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease or the estimated useful
life whichever is lower.
- Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned
assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.
- Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in-progress until construction and installation are complete and
the asset is ready for its intended use.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at
each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
1.13 LEASES
Where the company is the lessee
Right of use assets and lease liabilities
- For any new contracts entered into on or after 1 April, 2019, (the transition approach has been explained and
disclosed in Note 47) the Company considers whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A lease is defined as 'a
contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time
in exchange for consideration'
- Classification of lease
The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The assessment of the lease is based on
several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's
option to extend/purchase etc.
- Recognition and initial measurement
At lease commencement date, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance
sheet. The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the initial measurement of the lease
liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the Company, an estimate of any costs to dismantle and remove the
asset at the end of the lease (if any), and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement
date (net of any incentives received).
- Subsequent measurement
The Company depreciates the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date
to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of use asset or the end of the lease term. The Company
also assesses the right-of-use asset for impairment when such indicators exist.
At lease commencement date, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease
payments unpaid at that date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily
available or the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the
lease liability are made up of fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) and variable payments
based on an index or rate. Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability will be reduced for payments made
and increased for interest. It is re-measured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes
in substance fixed payments. When the lease liability is re-measured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected
in the right-of-use asset.
The Company has elected to account for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets using the practical
expedients. Instead of recognizing a right-of-use asset and lease liability, the payments in relation to these are
recognized as an expense in standalone statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
Where the company is the lessor
- Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset
are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis
over the term of the relevant lease, except when the lease rentals, increase are in line with general inflation
index. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying
amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent
rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
- Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from
the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the
Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to
reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
1.14 IMPAIRMENT
- At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication that any property, plant and
equipment with finite lives may be impaired. If any such impairment exists the recoverable amount of an asset
is estimated to determine the extent of impairment, if any. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable
amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to
which the asset belongs.
- Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the
estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates
of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
- If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount,
the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment
loss is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.15 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
a) Gratuity
The Company have an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees
and the Company funds the benefit through contributions.
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected
unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each year. Remeasurement,
comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling and the return on plan
assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised
in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other
comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by
applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined
benefit costs are categorized as follows:
i) service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments
and settlements);
ii) net interest expense or income; and
iii) re-measurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item
'Employee benefits expense'. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the
Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of
any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to
the plans.
A liability for a termination benefit is recognised at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the
offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs.
b) Compensated absences
A liability of compensated absences recognised in the period the related service is rendered at the cost of
providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried
out at the end of each year.
c) Provident and other funds
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have
rendered service entitling them to the contributions.
Contribution towards provident fund for the employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company
has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does
not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions (currently 12% of employees' salary) made on a
monthly basis. Contribution paid during the year are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
d) Leave Encashment
Provision for leave encashment is made on the basis of actuarial valuation done at the year end. Actuarial
gains/ losses are recognised in the year in which such gains/ losses arise.
e) Measurement date
The measurement date of retirement plans is 31 March .
1.16 SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company is engaged mainly in the business of promotion, construction and development of integrated townships,
residential and commercial complexes, multi-storeyed buildings, flats, houses, apartments, shopping malls etc.. These
in the context of Ind AS 108 - operating segments reporting are considered to constitute one reportable segment.
1.17 BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are
assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the
cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other
borrowing costs are recognised in profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying
assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
1.18 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
a) Classification, initial recognition and measurement
- A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial
liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets other than equity instruments are classified
into categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and at amortized cost. Financial assets
that are equity instruments are classified as fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other
comprehensive income. Financial liabilities are classified into financial liabilities at fair value through profit
or loss.
- Financial instruments are recognized on the balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the
contractual provisions of the instrument.
- Initially, a financial instrument is recognized at its fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the
acquisition or issue of financial instruments are recognized in determining the carrying amount, if it is not
classified as at fair value through profit or loss. Subsequently, financial instruments are measured according
to the category in which they are classified.
- Financial assets at amortized cost: Financial assets having contractual terms that give rise on specified
dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding and
that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold such assets in order to collect such
contractual cash flows are classified in this category. Subsequently, these are measured at amortized cost
using the effective interest method less any impairment losses.
- Equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income: These include financial assets that
are equity instruments and are irrevocably designated as such upon initial recognition. Subsequently,
these are measured at fair value and changes therein are recognized directly in other comprehensive
income, net of applicable income taxes.
- When the equity investment is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss in equity is transferred to retained
earnings.
- Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL): Financial assets are measured at fair value
through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive
income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial
assets at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.
- Equity instruments: An equity instrument is any contract that evidences residual interests in the assets of
the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded
at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
- Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss: Derivatives, including embedded derivatives separated
from the host contract, unless they are designated as hedging instruments, for which hedge accounting is
applied, are classified into this category. These are measured at fair value with changes in fair value
recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
- Financial guarantee contracts: These are initially measured at their fair values and, are subsequently
measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined or the amount initially recognized
less, the cumulative amount of income recognized.
- Other financial liabilities: These are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
b) Determination of fair value:
The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price (fair value of the
consideration given or received). Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company determines the fair value of
financial instruments that are quoted in active markets using the quoted bid prices (financial assets held) or
quoted ask prices (financial liabilities held) and using valuation techniques for other instruments. Valuation
techniques include discounted cash flow method and other valuation models.
c) Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:
The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset
expires or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to
another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership
and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an
associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards
of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also
recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.
Financial liabilities are derecognized when these are extinguished, that is when the obligation is discharged,
cancelled or has expired.
d) Impairment of financial assets:
The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on a financial asset that is at amortized
cost. Loss allowance in respect of financial assets is measured at an amount equal to life time expected credit
losses and is calculated as the difference between their carrying amount and the present value of the expected
future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.
1.19 USE OF ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
- The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates
and assumptions, that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities
and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expenses for the years presented. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to accounting estimates
are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.
In particular, information about significant areas of estimation of uncertainty and critical judgements in applying
accounting policies at the date of the financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year the amounts recognised in the financial statements are
given below:
a) Revenue Recognition
The Revenue is more dependent over the estimated cost and estimated revenue of the projects. The Company
estimates total cost and total revenue of the project at the time of launch of the project. These are reviewed at
each reporting date. Significant assumptions are required in determining the stage of completion and the
estimated total contract cost. These estimates are based on events existing at the end of each reporting date.
b) Inventory
Inventory of real estate property including work-in-progress is valued at lower of cost and net realizable value
(NRV). NRV of completed property is assessed by reference to market prices existing at the reporting date and
based on comparable transactions made by the Company and/or identified by the Company for properties in
same geographical area. NRV of properties under construction/development is assessed with reference to
marked value of completed property as at the reporting date less estimated cost to complete.
c) Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities
Recognition of deferred tax assets is based on estimates of taxable profits in future years. The Company prepares
detailed cash flow and profitability projections, which are reviewed by the board of directors of the Company.
d) Contingent Liabilities
Assessment of the status of various legal cases/claims and other disputes where the Company does not expect
any material outflow of resources and hence these are reflected as contingent liabilities (Refer Note 33)
e) Defined benefit plans
The cost and present value of the gratuity obligation and compensated absences are determined using actuarial
valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments
in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, attrition rate and
mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit
obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting
date.
f) Useful Life of Depreciable Assets/Amortisable Assets
Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/ amortisable assets at each reporting date,
based on the expected utility of the assets. Certainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic
obsolescence that may change the utility of assets.
g) Valuation of investment in subsidiaries and associate
Investments in Subsidiaries and associate are carried at cost. At each balance sheet date, the management
assesses the indicators of impairment of such investments. This requires assessment of several external and
internal factor including capitalisation rate, key assumption used in discounted cash flow models (such as
revenue growth, unit price and discount rates) or sales comparison method which may affect the carrying value
of investments in subsidiaries and associate.
h) Leases
The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods
covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an
option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.
The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies
judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or
terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise
either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if
there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise
or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate (e.g., construction of significant leasehold improvements
or significant customisation to the leased asset).
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