l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets
Provisions are recognized for liabilities that can be measured
only by using a substantial degree of estimation if the
company has a present obligation as a result of past event
and the amount of obligation can be reliably estimated.
If the effect of the time value of money is material,
provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that
reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.
When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due
to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Possible future or present obligations that may, but will
probably not require outflow of resources or where the
same cannot be reliably estimated is disclosed as contingent
liability in the financial statement.
m) Taxes on Income
i. Tax expense comprises both current and
deferred tax. Current tax is determined in
respect of taxable income for the year based on
applicable tax rates and laws.
ii. Deferred tax Asset/liability is recognized,
subject to consideration of prudence, on timing
differences being the differences between
taxable incomes and accounting income that
originates in one year and is capable of reversal
in one or more subsequent year and measured
using tax rates and laws that have been enacted
or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are not recognized
unless there is virtual certainty that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date to reassess their reliability.
n) Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and
liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at
Balance Sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such
translation are included in the Statement of Profit and
Loss. Non-monetary assets and non- monetary liabilities
denominated in a foreign currency are translated at the
exchange rate prevalent at the date of transactions.
Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in
foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate in
effect on the date of transaction.
o) Segment Reporting
The Company has identified that its operating activity
is a single primary business segment viz. Real Estate
Development and Services carried out in India. Accordingly,
whole of India has been considered as one geographical
segment
p) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the
net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity
shareholders by the weighted average number of equity
shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share,
the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity
shareholders and the weighted average number of shares
outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of
all dilutive potential equity shares.
q) Cash & Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of cash & cash
on deposit with banks and corporations. The Company
considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining
maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less,
which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value,
net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered
an integral part of the Company's cash management and
that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be
cash equivalents.
r) Financial Instruments
? Financial Instruments -Initial recognition and
measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are
recognized in the Company's statement of
financial position when the Company becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument. The Company determines the
classification of its financial assets and liabilities
at initial recognition. All financial assets are
recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case
of financial assets not recorded at fair value
through profit or loss, transaction costs that are
attributable to the acquisition of the financial
asset.
? Financial assets -Subsequent measurement
The Subsequent measurement of financial assets
depends on their classification which is as
follows:
• Financial assets at fair value through profit or
loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit and
loss include financial assets held for sale in the
near term and those designated upon initial
recognition at fair value through profit or loss.
• Financial assets measured at amortized cost
Loans and receivables are non derivative financial
assets with fixed or determinable payments that are
not quoted in an active market. Trade receivables do
not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal
value as reduced by appropriate allowance for
estimated irrecoverable amounts based on the ageing
of the receivables balance and historical experience.
Additionally, a large number of minor receivables are
grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for
impairment collectively. Individual trade receivables
are written off when management deems them not to
be collectible.
• Financial assets at fair value through OCI
All equity investments falling within the scope of Ind
AS 109, are measured at fair value through Other
Comprehensive Income (OCI). The Company makes an
irrevocable election on an instrument-by-instrument
basis to present in other comprehensive income
subsequent changes in the fair value. The classification
is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the
Company decides to designate an equity instrument
at fair value through OCI, then all fair value changes on
the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in
the OCI.
• Financial assets -Derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when
the contractual rights to the cash flows from the
assets expire or it transfers the financial asset and
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of
the asset. Upon derecognition of equity instruments
designated at fair value through OCI, the associated
fair value changes of that equity instrument is
transferred from OCI to Retained Earnings.
• De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a
financial asset or part of a Group of similar financial
assets) is primarily de-recognised when:
? The right to receive cash flows from the asset
have expired, or
? The Group has transferred its rights to receive
cash flows from the asset or has assumed an
obligation to pay the received cash flows in full
without material delay to a third party under a
'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the
Group has transferred substantially all the risks
and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has
neither transferred nor retained substantially
all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has
transferred control of the asset.
When the Group has transferred its rights to receive
cash flows from an asset or has entered into a
pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to
what extent it has retained the risks and rewards
of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor
retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of
the asset, transferred control of the asset, the Group
continues to recognise the transferred asset to the
extent of the Group's continuing involvement. In that
case, the Group also recognises an associated liability.
The transferred asset and the associated liability
are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and
obligations that the Group has retained.
• Financial liabilities -
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition,
as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss,
loans and borrowings, or as payables, as appropriate.
The Group's financial liabilities include trade and
other payables, loans and borrowings including bank
overdrafts.
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities
depends on their classification which isas follows:
• Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or
loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
include financial liabilities held for trading, if any, and
financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition
as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial
liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are
incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near
term.
Gains or losses on the liabilities held for trading are
recognised in the profit or loss.
• Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
Interest bearing loans and borrowings including
debentures issued by the company are subsequently
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest
rate method (EIR). Amortized cost is calculated by
taking into account any discount or premium on
acquisition and fee or costs that are integral part of
the EIR. The EIR amortized is included in finance costs
inthe statement of profit and loss.
• Financial liabilities -Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation
under the liability is discharged or expires.
s) Fair Value measurement
The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair
value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would
be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. The fair value measurement is based
on presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or
transfer the liability takes place either:
o In the principal market for the assets or liability;
or
o In the absence of a principal market, in the most
advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market
must be accessible to the company. The Company
uses valuation technique that are appropriate in
the circumstances and for which sufficient data are
available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of
relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of
unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is
measured or disclosed in the financial statements are
categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described
as follows, based on the lowest level input that is
significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
? Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in
active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
? Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is directly or indirectly
observable, or
? Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the
financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company
determines whether transfers have occurred between
levels in the hierarchy by re- assessing categorisation
(based on the lowest level input that is significant to
the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of
each reporting period.
t) Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether
a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired.
Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured
through a loss allowance. The Company recognizes lifetime
expected losses for all contract assets and/or all trade
receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction.
For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are
measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected
credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected
credit losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has
increased significantly since initial recognition.
u) Lease
a. Where the Company is the lessee
The company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease
liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-
use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the
initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease
payments made at or before the commencement date, plus
any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to
dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore
the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less
any lease incentives received.
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the
straight-line method from the commencement date to the
earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset
or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of
right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as
those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-
use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if
any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease
liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of
the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement
date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease
or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, company's
incremental borrowing rate.
Generally, the company uses its incremental borrowing rate
as the discount rate.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease
liability comprise the following:
- Fixed payments, including in-substance fixed
payments;
- Variable lease payments that depend on an
index or a rate, initially measured using the
index or rate as at the commencement date;
- Amounts expected to be payable under a
residual value guarantee; and
- The exercise price under a purchase option that
the company is reasonably certain to exercise,
lease payments in an optional renewal period
if the company is reasonably certain to exercise
an extension option, and penalties for early
termination of a lease unless the company is
reasonably certain not to terminate early.
b. Where the Company is the lessor
Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed
assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit
and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term. Costs,
including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the
statement of Profit & Loss. Initial direct costs such as legal
costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in
the statement of Profit & Loss.
Assets given under a finance lease are recognised as a
receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in
the lease. Lease income is recognised over the period of
the lease so as to yield a constant rate of return on the net
investment in the lease. Initial direct costs relating to assets
given on finance leases are charged to Statement of Profit
& Loss.
V. Standards issued but not effective
There are no standards issued but not effective up to the
date of issuance of the Company's financial statements.
V.1 New and amended standards
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2024 to
amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual
periods beginning on or after April 1, 2024.
The Company has not early adopted any standard,
interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is
not yet effective.
(i) Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the
Ind AS 117, Insurance Contracts, vide notification
dated 12 August 2024, under the Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2024
(ii) Amendments to Ind AS 116 Leases - Lease Liability in
a Sale and Leaseback
The MCA notified the Companies (Indian Accounting
Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024, which
amend Ind AS 116, Leases, with respect to Lease
Liability in a Sale and Leaseback
The above amendments do not have any impact on
the Company's standalone financial statements.
39 CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
For the purpose of The Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital, share premium and all
other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The Objective of capital management is to
maximise the shareholder value.
The Company Manages its Capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and
the requirements of the financial covenants. The company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return
capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt
divided by total capital plus net debt. The company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings,
trade and other payable less cash and cash equivalents.
In order to achieve this overall, the company's capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets
financial covenants attached to the interest bearing loans and borrowings that define capital structure requirements.
Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call loan and borrowings. there have
been no breaches in the financial covenants of any interest bearing loans and borrowing in the current period.
No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the year ended March 31 2024
and March 31 2025.
DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of
these financial liabilities is to finance and support company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets include
trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents and loans and advances and refundable deposits that derive directly
from its operation.
The company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's senior management overseas the
management of these risks. The company's senior management is supported by a financial risk committee that advises
on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the company. The Financial risk committee
provides assurance to the company's senior management that the company's financial risk activities are governed by
appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the
company's policies and risk objectives. the Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks
which are summarised below.
A) Market Risk:
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in
market prices. Market risk comprises of two types of risk: interest rate risk and other price risk: such as equity price risk and
commodity/ real estate risk. The company has not entered into any foreign exchange or commodity derivative contracts.
Accordingly, there is no significant exposure to the market risk other than interest risk.
i) Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes
in market interest rates. The company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the
company's long-term debt obligations with floating interest rates.
The company manages its interest rate risk by having a balanced portfolio of fixed and variable rate loans and borrowings.
Most of the Borrowings of the Company are unsecured and at fixed rates. The company has only one cash credit account
which is linked to the prime bank lending rate. The company does not enter into any interest rate swaps.
ii) Price Risk
The Company has not made any investments for trading purposes. The Surplus have been deployed in Bank deposits as
explained above.
B) Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract,
leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables)
and from its financing activities, including refundable joint development deposits, security deposits, loans to employees
and other financial instrument.
Trade Receivables
Receivables resulting from Sale of Properties: Customer credit risk is managed by requiring customers to pay advances
before transfer of ownership, therefore,substantially eliminating the company's credit risk in this respect.
Receivables resulting from other than Sale of properties: Credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to the
company's established policy, procedure and control relating to customer credit risk management. Outstanding customer
receivables are regularly monitored. The impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis
for major clients. In addition, a large number of minor receivables are grouped into homogeneous groups and assessed
for impairment collectively. The Maximum exposure to credit collateral as security. The Company's credit period generally
ranges from 30-60 days.
The ageing of trade receivable : Refer note 6
Deposits with Banks and financial institutions
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the company's treasury department in
accordance with the company's policy. Investment of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within
credit limits assigned to each counterparty.
Counterparty credit limits are reviewed by the company's Board of Directors on annual basis, and may be updated
throughout the year subject to approval of the Board.
C) Liquidity Risk
The Company's investment decisions relating to deployment of surplus liquidity are guided by the tenets of safety, liquidity
and return. The Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its
liabilities when due. In case of short term requirements, it obtains short-term loans from its Bankers.
40 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND DISCLOSURES
i) Company has used the borrowings from banks and financial institutions for the specific purpose for which it was
taken at the balance sheet date
ii) No proceedings have been initiated or pending against the company for holding any benami property under the
Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made thereunder.
iii) The Company has not been declared as wilful defaulter by and bank or institution or other lender
iv) To the best of the information available, the company has not entered into any transactions with companies
struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956
v) Company has created and satisfied charges and registered the same with Registrar of Companies as detailed
below:
vii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.
41 The figures of previous year have been recast, regrouped where ever considered necessary.
For LB Jha & Co
Chartered Accountants For and on behalf of the Board of Directors of
Firm Registration No.301088E RDB Infrastructure and Power Ltd
(Formerly known as RDB Realty & Infrastructure Limited)
Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-
Ranjan Singh Rajeev Kumar Amit Kumar Goyal Aman Sisodia
Partner Whole Time Director Managing Director and CFO Company Secretary
Membership No.305423 Din No.07003686 Din No.05292585 & Compliance Officer
Place: Kolkata
Date - 27th May 2025
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