2.11 Provisions and contingent liabilities2.11.1 Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as an interest expense. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.
Provisions for onerous contracts are recognized when the expected benefits to be desired by the Company from a contract are lower than unavoidable costs of meeting future obligations under the contract and are measured at the present value of lower-than-expected net cost of fulfilling the contract and expected cost of terminating the contract.
2.11.2 Contingencies
Contingent liability is disclosed for all possible obligations that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company (or) present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but disclose their existence in the financial statements unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote. A contingent asset is neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.
2.12 Revenue recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised, on the basis of approved contracts, when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is the principal as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer. The method for recognising revenues and costs depends on the nature of services rendered as mentioned below:
i) Revenue from sale of products is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally upon delivery of the goods.
ii) Revenue from rendering of services:
a) Designing services include fixed price contracts and time and material contracts.
Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognised as per the 'percentage-of-completion' method, where the performance obligations are satisfied over time and when there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. Percentage of completion is determined based on the project costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The input method has been used to measure the progress towards completion as there is direct relationship between input and productivity.
Revenue from time and material contracts are recognised as the related services are performed, which is pursued based on the efforts spent and agreed rate with the customer. Revenue from the
end of the last invoicing to the reporting date is recognised as unbilled revenue.
b) Revenue from rendering of job work services is recognised over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance obligations at the reporting period.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The arrangement with the customer specifies services to be rendered which meet criteria of performance obligations. For allocation, transaction price, the Company measures the revenue in respect of each performance obligation of a contract at its relative standalone selling price. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes cash contributions, incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc., which is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.
Trade receivables
The Company classifies the right to consideration in exchange for deliverables as either receivables or as contract asset. A receivable is recognised if an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section 2.15 Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.
Contract assets
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional. Contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional.
Contract assets are subject to impairment assessment. Refer to accounting policies on impairment of financial assets.
Contract liabilities
A contract liability is recognised if a payment is received or a payment is due (whichever is earlier) from a customer before the Company transfers the related goods or services. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract (i.e., transfers control of the related goods or services to the customer).
Generally, the Company receives advances from few of its customers. If there is manufacturing lead time of more than 1 year after signing the contract and receipt of payment, then there is a significant financing component for these contracts considering the length of time between the customers' payment and the transfer of the goods. As such, the transaction price for these contracts is discounted, using the interest rate implicit in the contract (i.e., the interest rate that discounts the cash selling price of the equipment to the amount paid in advance). This rate is commensurate with the rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.
2.13 Interest Income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.
2.14 Employee benefit plans
Employee benefits include provident fund, employee's state insurance scheme, gratuity fund and compensated absences.
Post-employment obligations:
Defined contribution plans:
Contributions in respect of Employees' Provident Fund which are defined contribution schemes, are made to a fund administered and managed by the Government of India and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when service are rendered by the employees.
Defined benefit plans Gratuity:
The Company accounts for its liability towards Gratuity based The Company accounts for its liability towards Gratuity based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date using projected unit credit method. The liability recognized in the balance sheet in respect of the gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of the plant assets.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in the employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss as past service cost.
Compensated absences:
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry-forward a portion of the unutilized accrued compensated absence and utilize it in future periods or receive cash compensation at retirement or termination of employment for the unutilized accrued compensated absence. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increase this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absence based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date on projected unit credit method.
Share based payments
The Company recognizes compensation expense relating to share based payments in the statement of profit and loss, using fair value in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share based payments.
The Stock options are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date, based on option valuation model (Black Scholes model). The fair value determined at the grant date of the stock options is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company's
estimate of the equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in share-based payments reserve in equity.
At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in statement of profit and loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the share-based payments reserve in equity. The equity settlement component is not remeasured at each reporting date. The cash settlement component is remeasured at each reporting date and at settlement date based on the fair value of the liability with any changes in the fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Other short-term employee benefits
Other short-term employee benefits and performance incentives expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized during the period when the employee renders service.
2.15 Financial instruments
a) Initial recognition:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when a Company entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except trade receivable. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section 2.12 Revenue recognition.
b) Subsequent Measurement:
(i) Financial assets
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.
Classification of financial assets:Financial assets carried at amortized cost:
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Company has made an irrevocable election for its investments which are classified as equity instruments to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income based on its business model.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.
(ii) Financial liability:
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
Financial Liability subsequently measured at amortized cost
Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortized cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortized cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalized as part of costs of an asset is included in the 'Finance costs' line item.
Supplier Finance Arrangements
The Company has established supplier finance arrangements (Refer Note 15). The Company evaluates whether financial liabilities covered such arrangements continue to be classified within trade payables, or they need to be classified as a borrowing or as part of other financial liabilities/ as a separate line item on the face of the balance sheet. Such evaluation requires exercise of judgment basis specific terms of the arrangement.
The Company classifies financial liabilities covered under supplier finance arrangement within trade payables in the balance sheet only if (i) the obligation represents a liability to pay for goods and services, (ii) is invoiced and formally agreed with the supplier, (iii) is part of the working capital used in its normal operating cycle, (iv) the company is not legally released from its original obligation to the supplier, and has not assumed a new obligation toward the bank, and another party (v) there is no substantial modification to the terms of the liability.
If one or more of the above criteria are not met, the Company derecognises its original liability toward the supplier and recognise a new liability toward the bank which is classified as bank borrowing or other financial liability, depending on factors such as whether the Company (i) has obligation toward bank, (ii) is getting extended credit period such that obligation is no longer part of its working capital cycle, (iii) is paying interest directly or indirectly, (iv) has provided guarantee or security, and/ or (v) is recognized as borrower in the bank books.
Cash flows related to liabilities arising from supplier finance arrangements are included in operating activities in the standalone statement of cash flows, when the Company finally settles the liability, reflecting the substance of the payment.
c) Foreign exchange gains and losses:
For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortized cost and FVTPL, the exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss except for those which are designated as hedging instruments in a hedging relationship.
Changes in the carrying amount of investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI relating to changes in foreign currency rates are recognized in other comprehensive income.
For the purposes of recognizing foreign exchange gains and losses, FVTOCI debt instruments are treated
as financial assets measured at amortized cost. Thus, the exchange differences on the amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss and other changes in the fair value of FVTOCI financial assets are recognized in other comprehensive income.
For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortized cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains and losses are determined based on the amortized cost of the instruments and are recognized in 'Other income'
The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured as at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognized in profit or loss.
d) De-recognition of financial assets and liabilities: Financial assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company retains substantially all the risk and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.
On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset.
Financial liabilities
The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in statement of profit and loss.
2.16 Determination of fair values
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the
Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that
are based on market conditions and risks existing at each
reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company considers the characteristics of asset or liability of market participants when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these Financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
!.17 Impairment of assets Financial assets
The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through statement of profit and loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be
supplier finance arrangements and require additional disclosure of such arrangements. The disclosure requirements in the amendments are intended to assist users of financial statements in understanding the effects of supplier finance arrangements on an entity's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.
As a result of implementing the amendments, the Company has provided additional disclosures about its supplier finance arrangement. Please refer to Note 2.15(b)(ii) and Note 15.
(iv) Amendments to Ind AS 12 - International Tax Reform-Pillar Two Model Rules
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to Ind AS 12 Income Taxes in response to the OECD's BEPS Pillar Two rules and include:
• A mandatory temporary exception to the recognition and disclosure of deferred taxes arising from the jurisdictional implementation of the Pillar Two model rules; and
recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.
For trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables. As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. The ECL loss allowance (or reversal) during the year is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Non-financial assets
Intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and ROU assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. Intangible assets under development are tested for impairment annually. The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the statement of profit and loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
2.18 Earnings per share:
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted
average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
2.19 New and amended standards
The Company applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025. The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.
(i) Amendments to Ind AS 21 - Lack of exchangeability
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2025, which amend Ind AS 21, The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates to specify how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it should determine a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking. The amendments also require disclosure of information that enables users of its financial statements to understand how the currency not being exchangeable into the other currency affects, or is expected to affect, the entity's financial performance, financial position and cash flows.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 01 April 2025. When applying the amendments, an entity cannot restate comparative information.
The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.
(ii) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current and Non¬ current Liabilities with Covenants
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to paragraphs 69 to 76 of Ind AS 1 to specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non-current.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025 retrospectively in accordance with Ind AS 8.
The amendments have not resulted in additional disclosures and have not had an impact on the classification of Company's liabilities.
(iii) Amendments to Ind AS 7 and Ind AS 107 - Supplier Finance Arrangements
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to Ind AS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107 Financial Instruments: Disclosures to clarify the characteristics of
• Disclosure requirements for affected entities to help users of the financial statements better understand an entity's exposure to Pillar Two income taxes arising from that legislation, particularly before its effective date.
The mandatory temporary exception - the use of which is required to be disclosed - applies immediately.
The remaining disclosure requirements apply for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 01 April 2025, but not for any interim periods ending on or before 31 March 2026.
The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements as the Company is not in scope of the Pillar Two model rules.
2.20 Standards notified but not yet effective
There are no standards that are notified and not yet effective as on the date.
company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The average credit period is between 60-90 days. Before accepting any new customer, the Company uses an internal credit scoring system to assess the potential customer's credit quality and defines credit limits for each customer. Limits and scoring attributed to customers are reviewed once a year.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. Accordingly, the Company creates provision for past due receivables less than 365 days ranging between 1%-30% and 100% for the receivables due beyond 365 days. The ECL allowance (or reversal) during the year is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(D) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to equity shares:
The parent company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of C10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Group in proportion to their shareholding.
(E) Equity shares issued as bonus during the five years preceding March 31, 2026:
Pursuant to resolution passed by the Directors of the Company on December 13, 2022 and approved by the extraordinary general meeting held on December 14, 2022, the Company had allotted 49,929,000 fully paid-up equity shares of face value of C10 each by way of bonus issue to its shareholders bonus shares in the ratio of 1:17.
(F) Employee Share based expenses:
(i) Cyient Limited ("Ultimate Holding Company" of the Company) instituted Associate stock option plan 2015 (ASOP 2015) in July 2015 and earmarked 1,200,000 equity shares of C5 each for issue to the employees of the Holding Company and its subsidiaries. Under ASOP 2015, options will be issued to employees at an exercise price, which shall not be less than the market price of the Ultimate Holding Company on the date of grant. These options vest over a period ranging from one to three years from the date of grant, starting with 10% at the end of first year, 15% at the end of one and half years, 20% after two years, 25% at the end of two and half years and 30% at the end of third year. Share based expenses incurred by Ultimate Holding Company are recharged to respective group companies. In this regard, the Company has accounted for share based expenses in the statement of profit and loss and a corresponding liability towards amount payable to Ultimate Holding Company.
(ii) Cyient Limited ("Ultimate Holding Company" of the Company) instituted the ARSU's 2020 plan earmarking 1,050,000 shares of C5 each which provided for grant of RSUs to eligible associates of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Board of Directors recommended the establishment of the plan on January 16, 2020 and the shareholders approved the recommendation of Board of Directors on March 5, 2020 through a postal ballot. The RSUs will vest over a period of three years from the date of grant. These options vest over a period ranging from one to three years from the date of grant, starting with 30% at the end of first year, 50 % after two years, 20% at the end of third year. Share based expenses incurred by Ultimate Holding Company are recharged to respective group companies. In this regard, the Company has accounted for share based expenses in the statement of profit and loss and a corresponding liability towards amount payable to Ultimate Holding Company.
(iv) Cyient DLM Limited instituted the restricted stock unit plan 2023 plan earmarking 7,33,800 shares of C10 each which provided for grant of RSUs to eligible associates of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Board of Directors recommended the establishment of the plan on July 21,2023 and the shareholders approved the recommendation of Board of Directors on September 9, 2023 through a postal ballot. The RSUs will vest over a period of three years from the date of grant.
The fair value of options were priced using Black Scholes pricing model. Grant date share price - C811 - C874 Dividend yield (%) - 2.6 - 2.9, Expected volatility (%) - 38.73 - 41.90, Risk-free interest (%) - 4.96 - 6.8, Expected term (in years) - 3.
(iii) Cyient Limited ("Ultimate Holding Company" of the Company) has instituted the ASOP 2021 scheme and also incorporated 'Cyient Associate Stock Option Scheme 2021 Trust' (Trust), whereunder shares were purchased from the stock exchanges through the Trust. KP Corporate Solutions Limited, Corporate Trustee, has been appointed as trustee for this Trust. Shareholders of the Ultimate Holding Company have approved the Scheme and the formation of Trust through postal ballot on February 23, 2021.
During the year ended March 31,2022, Trust purchased 1,079,000 shares. The options will vest over 3 years from the grant date and the Leadership Nomination and Remuneration Committee will determine the vesting schedule. Vesting in any particular year will not exceed 50% of the total grant. Share based expenses incurred by Ultimate Holding Company are recharged to respective group companies. In this regard, the Company has accounted for share based expenses in the statement of profit and loss and a corresponding liability towards amount payable to Ultimate Holding Company.
Nature and Purpose :
(a) General reserve:
The general reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. As the general reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and is not an item of other comprehensive income, items included in the general reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss.
(b) Securities premium:
Amounts received on issue of shares in excess of the par value has been classified as securities premium. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
(c) Retained earnings
(i) Retained earnings comprises of prior years' undistributed earnings after taxes along with current year profit.
(ii) Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. These are presented within retained earnings.
(d) Share based payments reserve
The Share based payments reserve is used to record the value of equity-settled share based payment transactions with employees. The amounts recorded in this account are transferred to Equity upon exercise of stock options by employees.
Details of the borrowings along with their terms and conditions: a. Term loan from related party:
The Company had obtained a term loan of C1,000.00 from Cyient Limited for capital expenditure purposes, disbursed in multiple tranches commencing from February 2019. Originally, the loan was scheduled to be repaid in 16 equal quarterly instalments starting from June 2023 for each tranche.
During the financial year 2022-23, the Company renewed the term loan agreement with Cyient Limited. As per the terms of the renewed agreement, the repayment of the loan was rescheduled to commence from June 2024 in 16 equal quarterly instalments. Additionally, it was agreed that the interest accrued on the loan as of March 31, 2024, would be repaid proportionately along with the principal repayments. However, the entire accrued interest up to March 31,2024, was subsequently paid in full during previous year.
During the current financial year, the Company has fully repaid the term loan obtained from Cyient Limited, including repayment of all outstanding principal amounts along with the applicable interest. The repayment was made in advance
(e) Equity Instruments through OCI
Represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on fair valuation of the equity instruments measured at fair value through OCI.
(f) Cash flow hedge reserve
Represents effective portion of gain and loss on designated portion of hedging instruments in a cash flow hedge, net of tax.
* The Company has entered into supplier finance arrangements through the Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) platform. Under these arrangements, participating financiers settle approved invoices of suppliers earlier, and the Company undertakes to pay the financiers the invoice amount on the revised due date agreed under the arrangement. These arrangements do not involve the Company providing guarantees or collateral to the financiers.
There were no significant non-cash changes in the carrying amount included in the Company's supplier finance arrangement.
The entire balance represents financial liabilities in respect of which suppliers have already received payment from finance providers under the supplier finance arrangements.
The range of payment due dates for financial liabilities under supplier finance arrangements is between 30 to 90 days There were no significant non-cash changes in the carrying amount included in the Company's supplier finance arrangement.
On 21 November 2025, the Central Government issued four separate notifications in the Official Gazette announcing implementation of four Labour Codes, viz., the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020. These four codes replace and consolidate 29 existing labour laws. Following the implementation of the four labour codes, the Central Government has pre-published the draft rules on 31 December 2025 under the respective Labour Codes, for public comment and the final rules are expected to be notified in due course. To ensure smooth implementation, the Ministry of Labour and Employment has also issued the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the four codes.
The four codes prescribe an inclusive definition of the term 'wages', which among other matters is relevant for determination of post-employment benefits including gratuity to all employees. In accordance with the definition, certain specified items forming part of remuneration are not included in the wages and these excluded items cannot exceed 50% of total remuneration. If there is an excess, then it is presumed that excess amount also forms part of wages. The four codes also introduce changes related to leave entitlement and encashment for workers. Going forward, workers' leave balance in excess of 30 days will be encashed at the end of each calendar year and workers will have a right to demand encashment for entire leave.
The Company has assessed the impact of these changes on the basis of legal view obtained by the management and the best information available till authorisation of the financial statements for issue. The Company has determined that these changes result in an increase in gratuity obligation and leave obligation of C12.82 and C4.45, respectively. The Company has presented increase in obligation as an expense under the head "Employee Benefit Expense" in the standalone statement of profit and loss for the year ended 31 March 2026. Considering that it is emerging topic and the finalisation of Central/ State Rules is still pending, the Company will continue monitoring changes and provide appropriate accounting effect as required based on future developments.
Notes:
i. Expenditure for Corporate Social Responsibility:
The Company contributes towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities through Cyient Foundation and Cyient Urban Micro Skill Centre Foundation. The Company has formed CSR committee as per Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 to formulate and recommend to the Board, a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy which shall indicate the activities to be undertaken by the company as specified by law. The areas for CSR activities are promoting education, adoption of schools, facilitating skill development, medical and other social projects. Expenses incurred on CSR activities through Cyient Foundation and contributions towards other charitable institutions are charged to the statement of profit and loss under 'Other Expenses': April 2025 to March 2026 - C16.14, April 2024 to March 2025 - C11.66
29. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:
The employee benefit schemes are as under: :
1. Defined contribution plans1. Provident fund:
The Company makes provident fund contributions which are defined contribution plans for qualifying employees. Under the scheme, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs to fund the benefits. These contributions are made to the Fund administered and managed by the Government of India. The Company's monthly contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period they are incurred.
Total expense recognised during the year ended as follows:
i. Year ended March 2026 : C37.50
ii. Year ended March 2025 : C34.78
2. Defined Benefit Plans i. Gratuity:
In accordance with the 'Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972' of India, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined retirement benefit plan (the 'Gratuity Plan') covering eligible employees. Liabilities with regard to such gratuity plan are determined by an independent actuarial valuation and are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period determined. The gratuity plan is administered by the Company's own trust which has subscribed to the "Group Gratuity Scheme" of Life Insurance Corporation of India.
The management assessed that fair value of cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances, trade receivables, other financial assets, Borrowings, trade payables, and other financial liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments, and hence these are carried at amortised cost. Carrying value of unquoted instruments represents fair value which is estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities.
The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
Investments in other equity instruments (unquoted) and mutual funds (quoted) are measured at fair value through initial designation in accordance with Ind-AS 109.
32.1.3 FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY
Valuation technique and key inputs
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in an active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
32.2 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's primary focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The primary market risk to the Company is foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristic of each customer. The liquidity risk is measured by the Company's inability to meet its financial obligations as they become due.
A. Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Such changes in the values of financial instruments may result from changes in the foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, credit, liquidity and other market changes. The Company's exposure to market risk is primarily on account of foreign currency exchange rate risk.
(i) Foreign exchange risk
The Company operates internationally and a major portion of the business is transacted in several currencies and consequently the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through its sales and services and purchases from overseas suppliers in various foreign currencies. The exchange rate between the rupee and foreign currencies has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. Consequently, the results of the Company's operations are adversely affected as the rupee appreciates/ depreciates against these currencies. The Company monitors and manages its financial risks by analysing its foreign exchange exposures. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts from time to time to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. There are no material outstanding contracts as at March 31,2026.
Sensitivity analysis:
Every 5% increase / decrease of the respective foreign currencies compared to functional currency of the Company would impact profit before tax by C73.38 for the year ended March 31,2026 and C4.87 for the year ended March 31,2025.
(ii) Interest rate risk
There is no material interest risk relating to the Company's financial liabilities which are detailed in note 14.
B. Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which
C. Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risk to the Company's reputation.
The Company had unutilized credit limits from banks as at March 31,2026 of C4,172.60 (March 31,2025: C4,412.80)
The Company had working capital of C6,574.11 (March 31,2025: C6,689.63) and cash and bank balance of C1,207.82 (March 31, 2025: C2,724.30)
The Company's obligation towards payment of borrowings has been included in note 14.
The Company's obligation towards payment of lease liabilities has been included in note 3B.
# Based on the maximum amount than can be called for under the financial guarantee contracts. (refer note 30 (iii))
D. Other price risks:
The Company is exposed to equity price risks arising from equity investments. Company's equity investments are held for strategic rather than trading purposes.
# The Company does not have any income generated on investments other than fair valuation changes on financial instruments measured at FVTOCI.
*Debt represents Borrowings and lease liabilities.
**Net profit after taxes Non-cash operating expenses like depreciation and amortizations Interest other adjustments like expected credit loss (net), loss on disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment & share based payment expenses.
Note 1: Variance in the ratios is due to the below reasons
(a) Variance is due to repayment of borrowings.
(b) Variance is due to reduction in operations in the current year.
36. OTHER STATUTORY INFORMATION
(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the company for holding any Benami property.
(ii) The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off.
(iii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
(iv) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(v) The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority or other lender.
(vi) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries); or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(vii) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(viii) The Company does not have any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (Such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).
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