(h) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a cash outflow will be required, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, it’s carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of time value of money is material). These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed when the

company has a possible obligation, or a present obligation and it is probable that an outflow of resources will not be required to settle the obligation or the amount of obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. Contingent assets are not recognized in the books of account. If it has become virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and the related income are recognised in the financial statements of the period in which the change occurs. If an inflow of economic benefits has become probable, an entity discloses the contingent asset.

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by applying the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when such values were determined.

Exchange differences: Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting the Company’s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they occur. The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalized as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets.

(j) Share Capital and Share Premium:

Ordinary shares are classified as equity, par value of the equity share is recorded as share capital and the amount received in excess of the par value is classified as share premium.

(k) Dividend Distribution to equity shareholders:

The Company recognises a liability to make cash

from customers.

I Sale of Goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at the moment when control has been transferred to the customer and is measured net of trade discounts, rebates and pricing allowances to customers.

II Export benefits/incentives:

Export incentives under various schemes notified by the Government are recognized when confirmation of the right to receive the income is established. Receipts from government by way of Duty Draw Back is recognized only on receipt basis.

III Other incomes:

Other incomes are recognised on accrual basis except when there are significant uncertainties. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis using effective interest rate method.

(n) Employee benefits

a. Short term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering services are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related services and are measured at undiscounted amount expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

b. Long term employee benefits:

The cost of providing long term employee benefit such as earned leave is measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period. The expected costs of the benefit are accrued over the period of employment using the same methodology as used for defined benefits post-employment plans. Actuarial gains and losses arising from the experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to the Statement of Profit or Loss in which they arise except those included in cost of assets as permitted. The benefit is valued annually by independent actuary.

c. Defined contribution plans.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans, viz., Provident Fund for certain eligible employees, Pension Fund and Superannuation benefits are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contribution.

d. Defined benefit plans: gratuity.

The net present value of the obligation for gratuity benefits are determined by actuarial valuation, conducted annually using the projected unit credit method. The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of plan assets.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any, and net interest on the defined benefits are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss .

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest), are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income. Such remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods.

(o) Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current tax

Current tax includes provision for Income Tax computed under Special provision (i.e., Minimum alternate tax) or normal provision of Income Tax Act. Tax on Income for the current year is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets

and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Any such reduction is reversed to the extent that it becomes probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Current and deferred tax are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or items related to equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

(p) Earnings per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(q) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is classified as current when it is:

• Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

• A liability is classified as current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current -noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

(r ) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of asset and liability if market participants would take those into consideration.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

(s) Financial assets

A financial asset inter-alia includes any asset that is cash, equity instrument of another entity or contractual obligation to receive cash or another financial asset or to exchange financial asset or financial liability under condition that are potentially favourable to the Company.

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries are carried at cost less impairment. Impairment is provided for on the basis explained in Paragraph (5) of Note C above.

Financial assets other than above Financial assets of the Company comprise trade receivable, cash and cash equivalents, Bank balances, loans/ advances to employee / others, security deposit, claims recoverable etc.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in three categories:

• Financial assets measured at amortized cost

• Financial assets at fair value through OCI

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets measured at amortized cost Financial assets are measured at amortized cost if the financials asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. These financial assets are amortized using the effective interest rate (EIR) method, less impairment. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

Financial assets at fair value through OCI (FVTO-CI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at FVTOCI. Fair value changes are recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCI).

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Any financial asset that does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortized cost or as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, is classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

(t) Financial liabilities

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade payable, accrued expenses and other payables.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities at initial recognition are classified as financial liabilities at amortized cost or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the fair value at initial recognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends upon the classification as described below:-

Financial Liabilities at Fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL includes financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Financial liabilities have not been designated upon initial recognition at FVTPL.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged / cancelled / expired..

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(u) Inter corporate deposits.

Company had advanced Inter Corporate loans to companies on short term basis at a specific rate of interest against security. The inter corporate deposit are advanced to the related companies after considering factors such as track record, size of organization, market reputation and value of the security.

40 Corporate social responsibility

As per Section 135 of the Companies Act,2013, a Company, meeting the applicability threshold, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsi-bility( CSR) Activities. A CSR Committee has been formed by the Company as per the Act. The funds were primarily allocated to the activities which are specified in Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013.

The Company was required to spend an amount of R 86.37 Lakhs (Previous Year R71.94 Lakhs) being 2% of the average net profits of the three immediately preceding financial years on CSR as per the provisions of section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has during the year spent R 86.89 Lakhs.

42 Segment information

The segment reporting of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Ind AS-108, “Operating Segment”. Based on the “management approach” as defined in Ind AS 108- Operating Segments, the Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and segment information is presented accordingly. Accordingly the management has identified, based on its products, 2 reportable segments namely, Heat Resistant Latex Rubber Thread and Corrugated Carton Box.

The Management Committee of the Company monitors the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance asessment. The Company has started its Corrugated Carton Box manufacturing towards the end of the financial year 2022-23. Major portion of production of Corrugated Carton Box is bening used for Captive Purpose.

Segment asset inlude all operating assets used by a sgement and consist principally of debtors, inventories, advances and property, plany and equipments. Segment liabilities incluse all operating liabilities and consist principally of creditors and accrued liability.

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy included financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This included listed equity instruments and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in Level 2.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.

46 Capital management

The Company’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard continuity, maintain a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and provide adequate return to share holders through continuing growth and maximise the share holders’ value. The Company’s overall strategy remains unchanged from previous year. The Company sets the amounts of capital required on the basis of annual business and long term operating plans.

47 Financial risk management

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristic of each customer. The Company’s risk management activity focuses on actively securing the Company’s short to medium-term cash flows by minimising the exposure to volatile financial markets. Long-term financial investments are managed to generate lasting returns. The Company does not actively engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purpose nor does it write options. The most significant financial risk to which the company is exposed are described below:-

The Company has assessed market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk to its financial instruments.

1 Market Risk

It is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument, as a result of interest rates, foreign exchange rates and other price risks. Financial instruments affected by market risks, primarily include loans & borrowings, investments and foreign currency receivables, payables and borrowings.

1a Interest Rate Risk

The company has not availed any loans , hence the exposure to interest rate risk is Nil. (Previous year-Nil)

1b Currency Risk :

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the purchase of materials from abroad and realization on export sales: The impact on the Companies profit before tax due to change in interest rate is given below:-

The sensitivity to a 5% increase or decrease in the exchange rate against INR with all other variables held constant will be R41.58 Lakhs (previous year R35.76 Lakhs ) The Sensitivity analysis is prepared on the net unhedged exposure of the company at the reporting date. The Company has not entered into any forward contracts or foreign currency hedges to mitigate the risk.

1c Price Risk

The Company is affected by the price instability of certain commodities. Due to the significantly increased volatility of certain commodities like latex, acetic acid and other chemicals, the Company closely monitors the price fluctuations to reap the price advantages.

The Company’s investments in unquoted securities are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of investment securities. The company manages the securities price risk through investments in debt funds /intercorporate deposits and by placing limits on individual and total investments.

1d Equity Risk

There is no equity risk relating to the Company’s equity investments which are detailed in note 4 “Other investments”. The Company’s equity investments majorly comprises of strategic investments rather than trading purposes.

2 Credit Risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the company. The company is exposed to credit risk for receivables, cash and cash equivalents and short term loans.

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term Loans (Loans current)

The Company considers factors such as track record, size of institution, market reputation and service standard to select the banks with which deposits are maintained. Generally, the balances are maintained with the institutions with which the Company has been transacting for years. The Company has made several Intercorporate loans on security with unrelated/ related companies considering factors such as track record, size of organisation, market reputation and value of the security. The risk is mitigated by the securities and guarantees provided by the companies. Therefore, the company does not expect any material risk on account of non -performance by any of the companies to which the loans are given.

Trade Receivables

The company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities primarily from trade receivable amounting to R.4937.85 Lakhs and R.4439.39 Lakhs as of 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023 respectively. The company has standard operating procedure for obtaining sufficient security where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. No customers accounted for 10% or more of revenue during the reporting periods covered. The credit quality of the company’s customers is monitored on an on going basis and assessed for impairment where indicators of such impairment exist. The history of trade receivables shows a negligible provision for bad and doubtful debts. The solvency of customers and their ability to repay the receivable is considered in assessing receivables for impairment. Therefore , the Company does not expect any material risk on account of non performance by any of the Company’s counterparties. Where receivables are impaired, the Company actively seeks to recover the amounts in question and enforce the compliance with credit terms.

3 Liquidity Risk

Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has established an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Company’s short-term, medium-term and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.

The Company requires funds both for short-term operational needs as well as for long-term growth projects. The Company generates sufficient cash flows from the current operations which together with the available cash and cash equivalents provide liquidity both in the short-term as well as in the long-term. The company has a current ratio of 5.04 as on 31 March 2024 (Previous year 3.91).

4 Interest Rate Risk

The Company is a zero-debt company as on 31 March 2024 (Previous year Rs. Nil) and is not exposed to

any interest rate risk of short-term or long-term borrowings. There are no foreign currency borrowings made by the company during the reporting periods. The impact on the Companies profit before tax due to change in interest rate is Nil at the close of this financial year.

5 Other Risk

Financial assets of R2029.34 lakhs (previous year R393.39 Lakhs) as at March 31, 2024 carried at amortised cost is in the form of cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits and earmarked balances with banks where the Company has assessed the counterparty credit risk. Trade receivables of R4937.85 lakhs as at March 31, 2024 (previous year R4439.39 Lakhs) forms a significant part of the financial assets carried at amortised cost which is valued considering provision for allowance using expected credit loss method.

This assessment is not based on any mathematical model but an assessment considering the financial strength of the customers in respect of whom amounts are receivable. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential impact with respect to customers in Domestic Formulation segment which could have an immediate impact. The Company closely monitors its customers who are going through financial stress and assesses actions such as change in payment terms, recognition of revenue on collection basis etc., depending on severity of each case. Based on the initial assessment, the company do not expect any abnormal credit loss though supplying to an unorganised sector. The allowance for doubtful trade receivables is Rs.8.91 Lakhs as at March 31, 2024 (previous year Rs.14.84).

48 Events after the Reporting Period

The proposed final dividend for Financial Year 2023-24 amounting to Rs.651.21 Lakhs (Previous year Rs.651.21 Lakhs) will be recognised as distribution to owners during the financial year 2024-25 on its approval by Shareholders. The proposed final dividend per share amounts to Rs 1.20/- (Previous year Rs.1.20/-)

49 Audit Trail

As per the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notification, proviso to Rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, for the financial year commencing April 1, 2023, every company which uses accounting software for maintaining its books of account, shall use only such accounting software which has a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction, creating an edit log of each change made in the books of account along with the date when such changes were made and ensuring that the audit trail cannot be disabled.

The Company has used an accounting software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility that has operated throughout the financial year for all relevant transactions except:

1. for changes to certain tables where audit trail is not activated as part of default settings of the ERP vendor. In this regard, the Company has prospectively enabled audit trail post year end March 31, 2024.

2. for transactions by certain users having specific access used for debugging and troubleshooting and

3. for direct database changes to the ERP database, where adequate technical documentation is not available to enable audit trail. The company has however put in place controls to ensure that changes to database are only through the ERP application where audit trail is enabled.

50 Other Statutory Information

(i) Details of Benami property held

No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules made thereunder.

(ii) Wilful defaulter

The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender

(iii) Relationship with struck off companies

The Company has no transactions with the companies struck off under Companies Act, 2013 or Companies Act, 1956.

(iv) Compliance with number of layers of companies

The Comapny has complied with the number of layers prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013, read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.

(v) Undisclosed income

There is no income surrendered or disclosed as income during the current or previous year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961, that has not been recorded in the books of account.

(vi) Undisclosed income

The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the current or previous year as of and for the year ended March 31, 2024.

(vii) Valuation of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets, intangible assets and investment property

The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment (including right of use assets), intangible assets and investment property during the current or previous year.

(viii) Core Investment Company

The Company is not a Core Investment Company (CIC) as defined in the regulations made by the Reserve Bank of India. It does not have any CICs, which are part of the Company.

(ix) Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies

There are no charges or satisfaction which are yet to be registered with the Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.

(x) Utilisation of borrowings availed from banks and financial institution

The Company has not borrowed any funds from banks or financial institutions.

* Earnings for Debt Service = Earnings before finance costs, depreciation and amortisation, exceptional items and tax (EBIDTA)/ (Finance cost for the year Principal repayment of long-term debt liabilities within one year)

** Cost of Good sold = Cost of materials consumed Purchases of stock-in-trade Changes in inventories of finished goods, stock-intrade, work-in-progress and property under development Manufacturing and operating expenses Costs towards development of property

# Earnings before Interest and Tax = Profit after exceptional item and before tax Finance costs (recognised)

@ Capital Employed = Average of equity and total borrowings

52. Certain amounts (currency value or percentages) shown in the various tables and paragraphs included in the standalone financial statements have been rounded off or truncated as deemed appropriate by the management of the Company.

As per our reports attached. For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

RUBFILA INTERNATIONAL LTD

For Mohan & Mohan Associates Hardik Bharat Patel G Krishna Kumar

Chartered Accountants DIN 00590663 DIN 01450683

ICAI Firm Registration No.02092 S Chairman Managing Director

R Suresh Mohan (Partner) N.N. Parameswaran

Membership No.:013398 Chief Financial Officer & Company Secretary

Thiruvananthapuram Palakkad

24 May 2024 24 May 2024