t) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities:
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as interest expense.
Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.
A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. An entity shall not recognize a contingent asset unless the recovery is virtually certain.
u) Cash and Cash Equivalents:
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short- term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank Overdraft and cash credits are not included in the cash & cash equivalent according to Ind AS 7 as there is no arrangement for positive and negative balance fluctuation in those accounts, they are basically the integral part of loans and credit management.
v) Impairment of assets:
Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of an asset’s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets (cash-generating units).
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
w) Earnings Per Share:
i. Basic earnings per share: Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
• the profit attributable to owners of the Company
• by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.
ii. Diluted earnings per share: Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
x) Contributed Equity:
Equity shares are classified as equity.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
y) Foreign Currency:
The functional currency of the company is Indian Rupee. Theses financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees.
The foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of transaction.
The foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate at the end of each reporting period. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.
z) Dividend:
Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.
aa) Rounding off:
All amounts disclosed in the financial statement and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Lacs, unless otherwise stated.
Note 30: Critical Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual results. Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying the Company’s accounting policies. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the period. These estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may take in future.
Information about critical estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are included in the following notes:
(a) Estimation of defined benefit obligations
(b) Estimation of current tax expenses and payable
(c) Estimation of provisions and contingencies
(a) Impairment of financial assets (including trade receivable)
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost e.g., Loans, Debt Securities, Deposits and Trade Receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18. The Company follows ‘Simplified Approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECL at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at cost less provision for impairment. As a practical expedient the Company has adopted ‘Simplified Approach’ using the provision matrix method for recognition of expected loss on trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on three years rolling average default rates observed over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. These average default rates are applied on total credit risk exposure on trade receivables and outstanding for more than one year at the reporting date to determine lifetime Expected Credit Losses. Company has a policy to recognize expected credit loss only if there is reasonable certainty of default from trade receivable. To be prudent in booking of expected credit loss, company recognize the expected credit loss when legal right to recover the debt expires which is normally after 3 years of raising sales invoice and that to on the basis of management expectation of recoverability.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized under the head ‘Other Expenses’ in the statement of profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
i. Financial assets measured as at amortized cost: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount.
ii. Debt instruments measured at FVTPL: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. The change in fair value is taken to the statement of Profit and Loss.
iii. Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ‘Accumulated Impairment Amount’ in the OCI. The Company does not have any Purchased or Originated Credit Impaired (POCI) financial assets, i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/ origination.
(b) Estimation of defined benefit obligations
The liabilities of the Company arising from employee benefit obligations and the related current service cost, are determined on an actuarial basis using various assumptions. Refer note 31 for significant assumptions used.
(c) Estimation of current tax expenses and payable
Taxes recognized in the financial statements reflect management’s best estimate of the outcome based on the facts known at the balance sheet date. These facts include but are not limited to interpretation of tax laws of various jurisdictions where the company operates. Any difference between the estimates and final tax assessments will impact the income tax as well the resulting assets and liabilities.
(d) Estimation of provisions and contingencies
Provisions are liabilities of uncertain amount or timing recognized where a legal or constructive obligation exists at the balance sheet date, as a result of a past event, where the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated
and where the outflow of economic benefit is probable. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that may arise from past event whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events which are not fully within the control of the Company. The Company exercises judgement and estimates in recognizing the provisions and assessing the exposure to contingent liabilities relating to pending litigations. Judgment is necessary in assessing the likelihood of the success of the pending claim and to quantify the possible range of financial settlement. Due to this inherent uncertainty in the evaluation process, actual losses may be different from originally estimated provision. Warranty provisions are determined based on the historical percentage of warranty expense to sales for the same types of goods for which the warranty is currently being determined. The same percentage to the sales is applied for the current accounting period to derive the warranty expense to be accrued. It is very unlikely that actual warranty claims will exactly match the historical warranty percentage, so such estimates are reviewed annually for any material changes in assumptions and likelihood of occurrence.
(e) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
i. In the principal market for asset or liability, or
ii. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1- Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Other Fair Value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
H. (a) In respect of amounts as mentioned under 205C of the Companies Act, 2013 there were no dues required to be credited to the Investor Education and Protection Fund as at March 31,2025.
(b) CSR liability of Rs.Nil Lakhs (Paid during the year Rs 21.26 Lakhs)
I. BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
The basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been actually issued at fair value.
Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless they have been issued at a later date. The number of equity shares and potential diluted equity shares are adjusted for stock split, bonus shares, Convertible Preference Shares, Share Warrants and the potential dilutive effect of Employee Stock Option Plan as appropriate.
K. Fair Value Hierarchy:
This Section explains the judgments and estimates made in determining fair values of financial instruments that are (a) recognized and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortized cost and for which fair values are disclosed in financial statements. To provide an indication about reliability of inputs used in determining fair value, group has classified its financial instruments into three levels prescribed under accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table:
Fair value of financial instruments as referred to in note above has been classified into three categories depending on inputs used in valuation technique. Hierarchy gives highest priority to quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
The categories used are as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: The fair value of Financial Instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.
Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfer out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of the reporting period.
As per our Report of even date For and on behalf of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Alok Misra & Co Naveen Sawhney Pawan Kumar Maheswari
Chartered Accountants Managing Director Whole Time Director
(FRN.:018734N) DIN: 00893704 DIN: 10238911
Alok Misra Sandeep Kumar Garima Pant
Partner CFO Company Secretary
M.No.:500138 M.No:093357 M.No:ACS 28170
Place :New Delhi Dated:27.05.2025
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