l. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre¬ tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
m. Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.
The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
n. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place
(regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
(i) Financial assets at amortised cost
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.”
Financial assets at amortised cost
A ‘financial asset' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
(ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. The Company's financial assets at amortised cost includes trade receivables and other receivables.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the balance sheet at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
This category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the Company had not irrevocably elected to classify at fair value through OCI. Dividends on listed equity investments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:
(i) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
(ii) The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (“ECL”) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss. The Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from
default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in the Statement of profit and loss as an impairment gain or loss.
Financial assets measured as at amortized cost and contractual revenue receivables. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories:
(i) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
(ii) Financial liabilities at amortised cost
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to borrowings.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
o. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short¬ term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.
p. Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The Chief Operational Decision Maker monitors the operating results of its business Segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit and loss
and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.
The Board of Directors of the Company have been identified as the chief operating decision maker of the Company.
q. Contingent liability
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made where there is a possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from the past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made
r. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of parent company (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.2 Material accounting policy information
Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods
Other disclosures relating to the Company's exposure to risks and uncertainties includes:
• Capital management
• Financial risk management objectives and policies
• Sensitivity analyses disclosures Judgements
In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:
Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options - Company as lessee
The Company determines the lease term as the non-
cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.
The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate.
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
Impairment of non-financial assets
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm's length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset's performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to goodwill recognised by the Company. The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, including a sensitivity analysis.
Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables and contract assets
The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables and contract assets. The provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customer segments that have similar loss patterns
The provision matrix is initially based on the Company's historical observed default rates. The Company will
calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and ECLs is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic conditions. The Company's historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of customer's actual default in the future.
Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair value of financial assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow (DCF) model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets if available, otherwise, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of the financial instrument.
Leases - Estimating the incremental borrowing rate
The Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Company ‘would have to pay', which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Company estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates).
Notes
1. Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and have credit period upto 30 days
2. For terms and conditions with related parties, refer note 30.
3. For explanation on company's credit risk management process, refer note 32.
4. There are no unbilled trade receivables, hence the same are not disclosed in the ageing schedule.
5. Trade receivables does not includes any receivables from directors and officers of the Company other than disclosed in note 30.
6. For trade receivables, the Company applies a simplified approach in calculating Expected credit loss (ECL). Therefore, the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on provision matrix considering the ageing of trade receivable, historical credit loss experience adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the trade receivable and the economic environment.
7. Trade receivables have been pledged as security against borrowings from bank and financial institutions. (Refer Note 14A)
(b) Terms/ rights attached to equity shares
The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 each per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. Each shareholder is entitled for dividend declared/ proposed if any, by the Board of Directors which is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend which is paid as and when declared by the Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.
Nature and purpose of reserves
1. Retained Earnings
Retained earnings are the profits that the Company has earned till date.
2. Securities Premium
Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. This can be utilized only for limited purposes such as issuance of bonus shares in accordance with provisions of Companies Act, 2013.
Primary Security: Secured by way of hypthecation of the company's entire stock of raw materials, WIP, Semi finished and finished goods, Consumable stores spares including book debts, Bills whether documentary or clean, outstanding monies, Receivables both present and future, any other current asset and personal guarantee of all the directors of the Company.
Collateral Security:
1) Bearing Survey No. 67/1A and 67/1B, Situated At Mouza-Khutala,T.S.NO.7 Chandrapur-Ghughus State Highway road Tehsil & Dist : Chandrapur.
2) Residential Property situated at i.e. All that piece & parcel of the diverted vacant land, bearing Survey Number: 79/2, Plot Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20, 34, 35,36 situated at Muza- Kosara, New Chandrapur Township Chandrapur 442406 Total area admeasuring: 7385.73 Sqm., Chandrapur.
3) Residential Property situated at all the piece and parcel of free hold Plot No. B 32, area 334.448 sq.mt alongwith construction thereon admeas 232.25 sq mtrs. as per sanctioned building plan, corresponding municipal corporation house /malmatta no. 911 (old Malmatta no.13 ) out of survey no. 124, ward no. 3A t.s .11 situated at Mouza-De-wai Govindpur Rayytwari, Shastrinagar, chandrapur
4) Industrial Property situated at with piece and parcel of land & building Plot No B-38, admeasuring about 6050.00 Sq. Mtrs in Industrial area MISC within the village limit of Chinchala Tah & Dist Chandrapur.
5) All the piece and parcel of free hold plot no .44 b, admeasuring about 334.45 sq. Mtrs plot area, out of sr. No. 124,ward no. 3a t.s.no. 11, at mouza-dewai govindpur rayt. Tah & dist. Chandrapur maharashtra - 442401
6) ERAI Honda Showroom- Ground floor, First floor and Second floor at Survey no. 59/B/1, ta sa no,.11 Chandrapur- Nagpur Highway, at Mouza Wadgaon, Tah and Dist Chandrapur 442402.
7) Property No 402 & 403, on 2nd Floor, "Kukreja Infinity" on Land bearing plot no 2 Kh no. 178/1, corporation house no 7, city survey no 1704. Commercial road civil line, Mouza -Sitabuldi. Dist Nagpur.
8) Commercial block 805 A and 805 B on 8th floor, central plaza, sarat bose road, Kolkatta-700020.
9) Flat No. 1005, 10th Floor ,A Wing ,Hubtown Sunstone , Road no.8, Kala Nagar, Bandra East , Mumbai-400051
10) Block No.1101, on 11th floor, "Naniks Ashtavinayak Park Avenue", Plot no. 2/1 & 11/2 , NMC house no. 294 &295C, ward no.60 Mouza -wadkapad circle no.24, bearing city survey no. 454, sheet no. 14 tah & dis-Nagpur-440001.
11) Plot No 29 B, Mouza Dewai Govindpur Rayatwari, T.S. No 11, Survey No 124, Malmata No. 2317, admeasuring 334 Sq mtr, Situated at Shastri Nagar Ward, Chandrapur, Within the limits of Chandrapur Municipal Corporation, Tahsil and Dist Chandrapur.
12) Residential property i.e. All that piece & parcel of the Plot No.A-5, area 603.865 sq.mtr, property bearing Survey Number: 124, situated at Mouza- Dewai Govindpur Rayyatwari, T.S No,11, Tahsil & Dist- Chandrapur, Chandrapur.
13) Bunglow no. B 43, SR No. 124. Plot No. 43, Near Radha Krishna Temple. Mul Road, Shastri Nagar. Chandrapur. Maharashtra
- 442401.
14) Survey no 69/1 and 69/2 amalgamated now (comprising both orignal survey numbers 69/2 and 69/3) of land (NA land) parcel measuring Area 69/2 (69/3 amalgamated into 69/2) - 10,650 sq. mt. Area - 69/1 - 3,014.30 sq. mt situated at Chandrapur
- Nagpur Highway. Property belonging to Sutlej Strategies LLP through its Designated Partner Shri Avi Mahendrapalsingh Saluja & Shri Rahul Roshanlal Chadda.
Term loan from Banks and Financial Institutions: Tenure (23 to 86 Months)
Security and Guarantee
1) Secured against Fixed Deposit Receipt
2) Residential Property bearing Survey No.: 149/1A, T.S. no.7, Plot No.1, Situated at Mouza Kosara Tah & Dist Chandrapur.
3) Land bearing City Survey no. 79, out of khasra no. 109/15, 109/16, 109/17, 109/18, 109/19, sheet no.26/18, admeasuring about 285.19 sq. mtr, house no. 340, Mouza, Lendra, Tahsil and district Nagpur.
4) ERAI Honda Showroom- Third floor at Survey no. 59/B/1, Chandrapur- Nagpur Highway, at Mouza Wadgaon, Chandrapur.
5) First & Exclusive charge over equipment/assets for which loan has been granted
6) Personal guarantee of all the directors of company
Notes :-
1) The loan facilities are subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants. The Company has complied with the covenants as per the terms of the loan agreement/ sanction letter.
2) The Company has not used borrowings taken from banks and financial institution for the purpose other than for which it was taken.
Note : During the year, the Government of India has introduced the Code on Social Security, 2020 ("the Code"), which consolidates and subsumes various existing labour and social security legislations, including the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The Code, upon notification and enforcement of the relevant provisions, inter alia, revises the ceiling limit applicable to gratuity payable to employees upon retirement or cessation of service.
Note : Consequent to the aforesaid legislative development, the Company has re-assessed its obligation towards post-retirement benefits and has recognised an incremental liability with respect to the provision for gratuity as at March 31, 2026. The said increase in provision has been determined based on a revised actuarial valuation carried out as at the Balance Sheet date in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits, and the resultant impact has been duly recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss / Other Comprehensive Income, as applicable. The Company continues to monitor the finalisation of Central/State Rules and further Government clarifications and will account for any additional impact as required.
*Pursuant to the introduction of Section 115BAA of the Income-tax Act, 1961 ("New Tax Regime"), the Company has an option to pay corporate income tax at a lower rate of 22% plus applicable surcharge and cess as against the currently applicable rate of 25% plus surcharge and cess. Under the New Tax Regime, provisions of Section 115 JB-Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) are no longer applicable. Accordingly the Company has elected to opt for New Tax Regime.
Deferred tax
The Company has accrued significant amounts of deferred tax. The majority of the deferred tax liability represents accelerated tax relief for the depreciation of property, plant and equipment. Significant components of deferred tax (assets) and liabilities recognised in the balance sheet are as follows :
Note 29: Employee Benefit Obligations Post-employment obligations Gratuity
(a) Regular Employees
The Company operates a defined benefit plan viz. namely gratuity for its employees. Under the gratuity plan, every employee who has completed at least 5 years of service gets a gratuity on departure @ 15 days (minimum) of the last drawn salary for each year of service.
The following tables summarized the components of net benefit expense recognized in the statement of profit and loss, other comprehensive income, and the funded status and amount recognized in the balance sheet.
The amounts recognized in the balance sheet and the movements in the net defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows:
Notes :
1. Liabilities are very sensitive to discount rate, salary inflation and withdrawal rate.
2. Liabilities are very less sensitive due to change in mortality assumptions. Hence, sensitivities due to change in mortality are ignored.
Note 29: Employee Benefit Obligations Post-employment obligations Gratuity
(b) Contractual Employees
In accordance with Indian law, the Company operate a scheme of gratuity which is a defined benefit plan. The gratuity plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment in accordance with the provisions under the Code on Social Security, 2020 or as per the Company Scheme, as applicable. Vesting occurs upon completion of contractual year of continuous years of service as defined in the Code on Social Security, 2020.
The following tables summarized the components of net benefit expense recognized in the statement of profit and loss, other comprehensive income, and the funded status and amount recognized in the balance sheet.
The amounts recognized in the balance sheet and the movements in the net defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows:
1) Related parties are identified by the management in accordance with Ind-AS 24 and the same has been relied upon by the auditor.
2) Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties-
a. All related party transactions entered during the year were in ordinary course of the business and are on arm's length basis.
b. The Company has not recorded any impairment of receivables relating to amounts owed by related parties. This assessment is undertaken each financial year through examining the financial position of the related party and the market in which the related party operates.
3) As the liabilities for defined benefit plans are provided on actuarial basis for the Company as a whole, the amounts pertaining to Key Management Personnel are not included.
4) The Promoters of the Company, Mr Mohit Satishkumar Chadda, Mr. Manish Krishanlal Chadda, Mr. Rahul Roshanlal Chadda, Mrs. Priya Anuj Chadda and Mr. Anuj Krishanlal Chadda, have provided personal guarantees and some of their property as security with respect to borrowings availed by the Company from various lenders.
5) Caliber Infraproject LLP, Chadda Trading Co., KSR Engineering & Fabrication, along with Mrs. Kirti Chadda, Mrs. Shivani Chadda, and Mrs. Neelam Chadda, have provided their properties as security to various lenders against fund-based and non-fund-based credit facilities availed by the company.
The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a
current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
The Company has established the following fair value hierarchy that categorises the values into 3 levels. The inputs to valuation
techniques used to measure fair value of financial instruments are:
Level 1- This hierarchy uses quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2- The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques
which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on Company specific estimates.
Level 3- If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
1. The Company has not disclosed the fair values of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, trade receivables, loans, other financial assets, trade payables, other financial liabilities and borrowings because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approximation of fair value. Further, for financial assets, the Company has taken into consideration the allowances for expected credit losses and adjusted the carrying values where applicable.
2. For financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.
3. Investments traded in active markets are determined by reference to quoted prices in an active market in case of listed securities
The Company's financial assets includes investments, loans given, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and other financial assets that comes directly from its operations and financial liabilities comprises of borrowings, trade and other payables. It has an integrated financial risk management system which proactively identifies monitors and takes precautionary and mitigation measures in respect of the various risks.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's senior management oversees the management of these risks, which evaluates and exercises independent control over the entire process of financial risks.
Market Risk
Market Risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market prices. The most common types of market risks include interest rate risk, foreign currency risk. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign currency receivables and loans and borrowings.
The finance department undertakes management of cash resources, borrowing mechanism and ensuring compliance with market risk limits.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the future cash flows or the fair value of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's long-term debt obligations.
The Company's investments in Bank deposits are with fixed rate of interest with fixed maturity and hence not significantly exposed to Interest rate sensitivity.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments. The Company periodically assesses financial reliability of customers and other counter parties, taking into account the financial condition, current economic trends, and analysis of historical bad debts and ageing of financial assets.
Financial assets are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such as a debtor failing to engage in a repayment plan with the Company. Where loans or receivables have been written off, the Company continues to engage in enforcement activity to attempt to recover the receivable due. Where recoveries are made, these are recognised as income in the statement of profit and loss.
Cash and cash equivalents:
Balances with banks are subject to low credit risks due to good credit ratings assigned to the banks.
Trade and other receivables:
The Company measures the expected credit loss of trade receivables and loans from individual customers based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates. Loss rates are based on actual credit loss experience and past trends.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price. The Company's finance department is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management and then processes related to such risks are overseen by senior management through rolling forecasts on the basis of expected cash flows.
Note 33: Capital Management
For the purpose of Companies capital management, capital includes issued share capital, share premium and all other equity reserves. The primary objective of capital management is to maximise shareholder value. The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants.
The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. The Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents and bank balances.
The Board of Directors of the Company have been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) as defined by Ind AS 108. The CODM evaluates the Company's performance and allocates the resources and does not review any discrete information to evaluate performance of any individual product or geography.
The Company is primarily engaged in operations in India and does not have any revenue from external customers outside India. Also the Company does not have any assets located outside India.
Rationale for Classification as Exceptional Item
The amount of ^568.42 lakhs has been classified as an Exceptional Item in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the following
grounds:
(a) Legislative change - non-recurring and one-time in nature: The charge arises directly from the amendment to the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 extending coverage to contractual / fixed-term employees. Prior to this amendment, no gratuity obligation existed for this category of employees. The recognition of the present value of the entire obligation accumulated since the employment of these workers represents a one-time charge. In subsequent years, only the incremental service cost and interest cost will be recognised as part of normal employee benefit expense.
(b) Magnitude and significance: The amount is material (^568.42 lakhs) and its inclusion in normal employee benefit expense would distort the comparability of results for FY 2025-26 against prior periods and against peer entities.
(c) Consistent with Ind AS 1 para 97: The nature and amount are disclosed separately to enable users to assess the financial performance of the entity.
Note 40: Other Statutory Disclosures
(i) The Company do not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.
(ii) The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during reporting year.
(iii) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).
(iv) The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(v) The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(vi) The Company does not have any borrowings from banks and financial institutions that are used for any other purpose other than the specific purpose for which it was taken at the reporting balance sheet date.
(vii) The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.
(viii) The Company is not declared as a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender during the reporting year.
(ix) Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 companies are required to disclose grants or donations received during the year. Since, the Company is not covered under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013, the said disclosure is not applicable.
(x) There are no scheme of arrangements which have been approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237 of the Companies Act, 2013 during the reporting year.
(xi) During the reporting year, Company has granted loans or advances in the nature of loans to its wholly owned subsidiary, which are interest free and repayable on demand.
(xii) The Company has not identified any transactions or balances in any reporting year with companies whose name is struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956.
(xiii) The following loans have not yet been marked as satisfied in the records of the Registrar of Companies, despite repayment or closure of the respective borrowings as on March 31, 2026:
(ix) The Company has used an accounting software for maintaining its books of accounts which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software.
Additionally, the audit trail of prior year(s) has been preserved by the company as per the Statutory requirements for record retention.
Note 41: Events After Reporting year
Subsequent to the reporting date, Caliber Mining And Logistics Limited has made an investment in Vadakhol Asoli Mining Private Limited on April 25, 2026, wherein the Company holds 40% of the share capital of the said entity.
As the incorporation and investment formalities were completed after the Balance Sheet date, the said transaction has been considered as a non-adjusting event in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 10 - Events after the Reporting Period. Accordingly, no adjustment has been made in the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2026, in respect of the above transaction.
Note 42: Previous year's figures have been recomputed/ reclassified wherever necessary to correspond with the current year's classification/disclosure.
Note 43: All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirements of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.
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