p. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognized when there is a present legal or statutory obligation or constructive obligation as a result of past events and where it is probable that there will be outflow of resources to settle the obligation and when a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. Obligations are assessed on an ongoing basis and only those having a largely probable outflow of resources are provided for.
Contingent liabilities are recognized only when there is a possible obligation arising from past events due to occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.
Contingent assets where it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company are not recognized but disclosed in the Financial Statements. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and it is recognized as an asset.
q. Employee benefits
(i) Short-term obligations
The costs of all short-term employee benefits (that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service) are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related services. The accruals for employee entitlements of benefits such as salaries, bonuses and annual leave represent the amount which the Company has a present obligation to pay as a result of the employees' services and the obligation can be measured reliably. The accruals have been calculated at undiscounted amounts based on current salary levels at the Balance Sheet date.
(ii) Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
Gratuity Fund -
The Company makes annual contributions to gratuity funds administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. The gratuity plan provides for lump sum payment to vested employees on retirement, death or termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and tenure of employment. The Company accounts for the net present value of its obligations for gratuity benefits, based on an independent actuarial valuation, determined on the basis of the projected unit credit method, carried out as at the Balance Sheet date. The difference between the obligation determined as aforesaid and the fair value of the plan assets is reported as a liability or asset as at the reporting date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Other Comprehensive Income and reflected in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Provident Fund -
The Company pays provident fund contributions to a fund administered by Government Provident Fund Authority. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognized as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
r. Earnings per share
Earnings per share (EPS) Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the ordinary equity shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary equity shares, for the effects of all dilutive potential Ordinary shares.
s. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
A. Financial assets
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
For subsequent measurement, the Company classifies a financial asset in accordance with the below criteria. The Company's business model for managing the financial asset and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified as under:
• Financial Assets at amortized cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
Effective interest method: The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial instrument and of allocating interest income or expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument, or where appropriate, a shorter period.
• Financial Assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
• Financial Assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial asset not measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income is carried at fair value through the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Impairment of financial assets
Loss allowance for expected credit losses is recognized for financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income. The Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction as permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial instrument, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables.
For financial assets whose credit risk has not significantly increased since initial recognition, loss allowance equal to twelve months expected credit losses is
recognized. Loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses is recognized if the credit risk on the financial instruments has significantly increased since initial recognition.
(iv) De-recognition of financial assets
Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognized. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognized.
Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognized if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognized to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
B. Financial Liabilities
i Initial recognition and measurement:
The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability.
ii Subsequent measurement:
All financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
iii De-recognition
A financial liability is de-recognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Notes
1 During the year ended on 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023, there is no impairment loss determined at each level of Cash Generating Units. The recoverable amount was based on value in use and was determined at the level of Cash Generating Units.
2 Borrowing costs amounting to Rs. 8.06 Lacs (Previous Year - Rs.3.98 Lacs) are capitalised to assets under construction/installation during the year.
Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes Financial Instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed
equity instruments that have quoted price.
Level 2: The fair value of Financial Instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using
valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included
in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, included in level 3.
Note:
The management assessed that trade receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and other current financial assets and liabilities are generally considered to approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short¬ term maturities of these instruments.
34 Financial Risk Management
The Company's activities expose it to market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), liquidity risk and credit risk. This note explains the sources of risk which the entity is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk .The Company's risk management is carried out by a director under policies approved by the Board of Directors. Director identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Company's operating units.The board provides principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of non-derivative financial instruments and investment of excess liquidity. The risk management includes identification and evaluation of risk and identifying the best possible option to reduce such risk.
(A) Market risk
(i) Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognized assets or liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the Company's functional currency (INR).The exposure of the Company to foreign currency risk is not significant. However, this is closely monitored by the Management to decide on the requirement of hedging. The position of unhedged foreign currency exposure to the Company as at the end of the year expressed in INR are as follows :
Credit risk is the risk that a counter party will default on contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities primarily trade receivables. Credit risk on cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances is limited as the company generally invests in deposits with banks. Trade receivables consist of customers from different geographical areas. In order to mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaulters, the Company has an ongoing credit evaluation process in respect of customers who are allowed credit period. In respect of walk-in customers the Company does not allow any credit period and therefore, is not exposed to any credit risk. In general, it is presumed that credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition if the payments are more than 1 year past due. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored. An impairment analysis is performed for all major customers at each reporting date on an individual basis. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date in respect of trade receivables is disclosed in note 7.
Liquidity risk implies the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its obligations associated with its financial liabilities. The Company has a liquidity risk management framework for managing its short term, medium term and long term sources of funding vis-a-vis short term, medium term and long term utilization requirement. This is monitored through a rolling forecast showing the expected net cash flow, likely availability of cash and cash equivalents, and available undrawn borrowing facilities.
35 Capital management
For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes equity attributable to the equity holders and all other equity reserves. The Company's Capital Management objectives are to maintain equity including all reserves to protect economic viability and to finance any growth opprtunities that may be available in future so as to maximise shareholders' value. The Company is monitoring capital structure using debt equity ratio as its base, which is debt to equity. The company's endeavour is to keep debt equity ratio below two. The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and business opportunities and may infuse capital if and when required by issue of new shares or raise / repay debt for achieving its capital management objectives.
II. Defined Benefit Plan
The Employees Gratuity Fund Scheme managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India is a defined benefit plan. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.
NOTE: 43
(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.
(ii) The quarterly returns / statements filed by the company with the banks are materially in agreement with the books of accounts of the company.
(iii) The Company does not have any transactions with struck off companies.
(iv) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which are yet to be registered with ROC beyond the
statutory period.
(v) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(vi) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including
foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or
on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(vii) The Company has not received any funds from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding
Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or
on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(viii) The Company does not have any transactions which are not recorded in the books of accounts that have been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
(ix) The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment (including right-of-use assets) or intangible assets during the year ended 31st March,2024.
(x) The Company has not provided loans, advances in the nature of loans, stood guarantee, or povided security to Companies, Firms or limited liability partnerships.
(xi) The Company has not defaulted in repayment of loans, or other borrowings or payment of interest thereon to any lender.
(xii) The Company has not been declared willful defaulter by any bank, financial institution, government or government authority.
(xiii) The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Restrictions on number of Layers) Rules,2017.
NOTE:-44
The previous year's figures are grouped / regrouped or arranged / rearranged wherever necessary to make them comparable with current year's figures.
As per our report of even date attached
For Ambavat Jain & Associates LLP On behalf of the Board
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. : 109681W
Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-
(Ashish J. Jain) (Vimalchand M. Jain) (Hemant Ranawat)
Partner Managing Director Whole-time Director
Membership No. 111829 DIN : 00194574 Chief Financial Officer
DIN : 00194870 Sd/-
Place : MUMBAI (Jinal Joshi)
Dated : 28-05-2024 Company Secretary
ACS No. : A53064
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