2.19. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities:

2.19.1. Provisions are recognized when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result
of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation;

2.19.2. The expenses relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of
reimbursements, if any;

2.19.3. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current
pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is
used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost;

2.19.4. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will only be confirmed by future
events not wholly within the control of the Company, or present obligations where it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required or the amount of the obligation cannot be
measured with sufficient reliability;

2.19.5. Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the financial statements but are disclosed unless the
possibility of an outflow of economic resources is considered remote.

2.20. Taxes on Income

2.20.1. Current Tax

Income-tax Assets and Liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or
paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those
that are enacted or substantively enacted, by the end of reporting period.

Current Tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in the
Statement of Profit and Loss, other comprehensive income or directly in equity;

2.20.2. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the
tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at
the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets
are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits
and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable
that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the
carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or
part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed
at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future
taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the
year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have
been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred Tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in the
Statement of Profit and Loss, other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to
set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same
taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

2.21. Earnings per share

2.21.1. Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit or loss for the period attributable to
equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends, if any, and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period;

2.21.2. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit or loss for the period
attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding
during the year are adjusted for the effect of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.22. Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and Cash Equivalents in the Balance Sheet include cash at bank, cash, cheque, draft on hand and
demand deposits with an original maturity of less than three months, which are subject to an insignificant
risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows, Cash and Cash Equivalents include cash at bank, cash,
cheque and draft on hand. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining
maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less and that are readily convertible to known
amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.

2.23. Cash Flows:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by net profit before tax is adjusted for the
effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash
receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows.
The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are segregated.

2.24. Dividend:

Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and
interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of
Directors.

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial
instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s
receivables from customers, loans and investment in debt securities. Credit risk is managed through
credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of
customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The
Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate
of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables and investments.

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk as at March 31, 2025 is the carrying value of each
class of financial assets.

i Trade and other receivables

Credit risk on trade receivables is limited based on past experience and management’s
estimate.

Ageing of trade and other receivables that were not impaired is as follows.

iii Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company held cash and bank balance with credit worthy banks of ' 5,527.12 Lakhs
at March 31, 2025 (March 31, 2024: ' 1,06,804.27 Lakhs). The credit risk on cash and cash
equivalents is limited as the Company generally invests in deposits with banks where credit
risk is largely perceived to be extremely insignificant. Further the Company has an interest
accrued but not due on above fixed deposits of ' 27.84 Lakhs at March 31, 2025 (March 31,
2024: ' 63.43 Lakhs).

b Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations
associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial
asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will
have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed
conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Company’s liquidity position on the basis of expected
cash flows. The Company manages its liquidity risk by preparing monthly cash flow projections to
monitor liquidity requirements. In addition, the Company projects cash flows and considering the
level of liquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring the Balance Sheet liquidity ratios against
internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.

i Exposure to Liquidity Risk

The company has outstanding borrowing through Current and Non-Current borrowings from
Banks / NBFCs and third parties.

Carrying amounts are as below

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates
and equity prices and will affect the Company’s income or the value of its holdings of financial
instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including
foreign currency receivables and payables and long term debt. The Company is exposed to market
risk primarily related to interest rate risk and the market value of the investments.

i Currency Risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk on account of its trade and other payables in
foreign currency. The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupee. Currency risk is
not material, as the Company does not have any exposure in foreign currency.

ii Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk can be either fair value interest rate risk or cash flow interest rate risk.
Fair value interest rate risk is the risk of changes in fair values of fixed interest bearing
investments because of fluctuations in the interest rates. Cash flow interest rate risk is the
risk that the future cash flows of floating interest bearing investments will fluctuate because
of fluctuations in the interest rates.

Exposure to interest rate risk

According to the Company interest rate risk exposure is only for floating rate borrowings.
Company does not have any floating rate borrowings on any of the Balance Sheet date
disclosed in this financial statements.

iii Price Risk

Price risk is the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in
market traded price. It arises from financial assets such as investments in quoted instruments
and units of mutual funds.

a Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed rate Instruments

The Company does not account for any fixed rate financial assets or financial liabilities
at fair value through Profit or Loss. Therefore, a change in interest rates at the reporting
date would not affect Profit or Loss.
b Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate Instruments

The company does not have any variable rate instrument in Financial Assets or Financial
Liabilities.

The sensitivity analysis have been determined based on reasonably possible changes of the respective
assumptions occurring at the end of the reporting year, while holding all other assumptions constant.

The sensitivity analysis presented above may not be representative of the actual change in the Defined
Benefit Obligation as it is unlikely that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as
some of the assumptions may be correlated.

Furthermore, in presenting the above sensitivity analysis, the present value of the Defined Benefit Obligation
has been calculated using the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting year, which is the same
method as applied in calculating the Defined Benefit Obligation as recognised in the balance sheet.

There was no change in the methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis from prior
years.

Notes

Gratuity is payable as per entity’s scheme as detailed in the report.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in the year of occurrence under Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).
All above reported figures of OCI are gross of taxation.

Salary escalation & attrition rate are considered as advised by the entity; they appear to be in line with the
industry practice considering promotion and demand & supply of the employees.

Maturity Analysis of Benefit Payments is undiscounted cashflows considering future salary, attrition & death
in respective year for members as mentioned above.

Average Expected Future Service represents Estimated Term of Post - Employment Benefit Obligation.

Weighted Average Duration of the Defined Benefit Obligation is the weighted average of cash flow timing,
where weights are derived from the present value of each cash flow to the total present value.

Any benefit payment and contribution to plan assets is considered to occur end of the year to depict liability
and fund movement in the disclosures.

Qualitative Disclosures

Para 139 (a) Characteristics of defined benefit plan

The entity has a defined benefit gratuity plan in India (unfunded). The entity’s defined benefit gratuity plan is
a final salary plan for employees.

Gratuity is paid from entity as and when it becomes due and is paid as per entity scheme for Gratuity.

Para 139 (b) Risks associated with defined benefit plan

Gratuity is a defined benefit plan and entity is exposed to the Following Risks:

Interest rate risk: A fall in the discount rate which is linked to the G.Sec. Rate will increase the present value
of the liability requiring higher provision.

Salary Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future
salaries of members. As such, an increase in the salary of the members more than assumed level will increase
the plan’s liability.

Asset Liability Matching Risk: The plan faces the ALM risk as to the matching cash flow. entity has to manage
pay-out based on pay as you go basis from own funds.

Mortality risk: Since the benefits under the plan is not payable for life time and payable till retirement age
only, plan does not have any longevity risk.

Para 139 (c) Characteristics of defined benefit plans

During the year, there were no plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.

Para 147 (a)

Gratuity plan is unfunded.

44 Capital management

For the purposes of the company’s capital management, capital includes issued capital and all other equity.
The primary objective of the company’s capital management is to maximize shareholder value. The Company
manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in the light of changes in economic environment and
the requirements of the financial covenants. There have been no breaches in the financial covenants of any
interest-bearing loans and borrowing in the current year. No changes were made in the objectives, policies,
or processes for managing capital during the years ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

45 Proceedings under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and rules made
thereunder:

There are no proceedings initiated or are pending against the company for holding any benami property
under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and rules made thereunder.

46 The Company is not declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lenders.

47 Relationship with Struck off Companies:

The Company did not have any transactions with Companies struck off under Section 248 of Companies Act,
2013 or Section 560 of Companies Act, 1956 considering the information available with the Company.

48 Scheme of arrangements:

There are no Scheme of Arrangements approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237
of the Companies Act, 2013 during the year.

49 Previous Year’s figures are regrouped/rearranged wherever necessary.

As per our Report of even date For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

For N. N. Jambusaria & Co. Navinbhai C. Dave Nikhil V. Merchant

Chartered Accountants Chairman Managing Director

Firm Registration No. 104030W DIN: 01787259 DIN: 00614790

Nimesh N. Jambusaria Paresh V. Merchant Chetan K. Selarka

Partner Executive Director Whole-time Director & CFO

M No. 038979 DIN: 00660027 DIN:03224037

Mumbai, May 30, 2025 Mumbai, May 30, 2025