XIV. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and Commitments

a) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

b) Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from the past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only on the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not portable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made

c) Contingent Assets

Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements when an inflow of economic benefit is probable. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and its recognition is appropriate.

d) Commitments

Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure, classified and disclosed as estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for.

XV. Exceptional items

On certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company. Such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

XVI. Borrowings and Loans

Borrowings and loans are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. It is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or transaction costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss over the period of borrowings using the effective interest rate.

XVII. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is a contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

1. Financial Assets

a) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

i) at fair value either through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or through profit and loss (FVTPL); and

ii) at amortised cost: The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Gains and losses will either be recorded in the statement of profit and loss or other comprehensive income for assets measured at fair value.

b) Measurement

At initial recognition, in case of a financial asset not at fair value through the statement of profit and loss account, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value.

c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

For trade receivables only, the company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

d) De-recognition of financial assets

A financial asset is de-recognized only when

i) The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset. Or

ii) Retains the contractual rights to receive the cash lows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the company has transferred an asset, it evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is de-recognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognized.

Where the company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

e) Income Recognition

i) Interest income: Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.

ii) Dividend income: Dividends are recognised in the statement of profit and loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short- term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at the transaction price as they do not contain significant financing components. The Company holds the trade receivables with the objective

of collecting the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less loss allowance.

2. Financial Liabilities

a) Measurement

Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value, reduced by transaction costs (in case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit and loss), that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liability. All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using effective interest method. Under the effective interest method, future cash outflow are exactly discounted to the initial recognition value using the effective interest rate, over the expected life of the financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period. At the time of initial recognition, there is no financial liability irrevocably designated as measured at fair value through profit and loss.

b) De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

c) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per payment terms

3. Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

XVIII. Critical estimates and judgments

In the application of the company‘s accounting policies, which are described in note 2, the management

is required to make judgment, estimates, and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets

and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other process. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future period if the revision affects both current and future period.

The following are the critical estimates and judgments that have the significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

a) Estimation of current tax expense and deferred tax

The calculation of the company‘s tax charge necessarily involves a degree of estimation and judgment in respect of certain items whose tax treatment cannot be finally determined until resolution has been reached with the relevant tax authority or, as appropriate, through a formal legal process. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred income tax in the period in which such determination is made.

Recognition of deferred tax assets / liabilities

The recognition of deferred tax assets is based upon whether it is probable that sufficient and suitable taxable profits will be available in the future against which the reversal of temporary differences can be deducted. To determine the future taxable profits, reference is made to the approved budgets of the company. Where the temporary differences are related to losses, local tax law is considered to determine the availability of the losses to offset against the future taxable profits as well as whether there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses or unused tax credits can be utilised by the company. Significant items on which the Company has exercised accounting judgment include recognition of deferred tax assets in respect of losses. The amounts recognised in the financial statements in respect of each matter are derived from the Company‘s best estimation and judgment as described above.

b) Estimation of Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

The company exercises judgment in measuring and recognising provisions and the exposures to contingent liabilities, which is related to pending litigation or other outstanding claims. Judgment is necessary in assessing the likelihood that a pending claim will succeed, or a liability will arise, and to quantify the possible range of the financial settlement.

Because of the inherent uncertainty in this evaluation process, actual liability may be different from the originally estimated as provision. Although there can be no assurance of the final outcome of the legal proceedings in which the company is involved, it is not expected that such contingencies will have a material effect on its financial position or profitability.

c) Estimation of useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible assets, Investment properties

Property, Plant and Equipment & Intangible assets, a significant proportion of the asset base of the company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset‘s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of company‘s assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The useful lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.

d) Estimated fair value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques. The Management uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period.

e) Impairment of Trade Receivable

The impairment provisions for trade receivable are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the company’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

XIX. New and amended standards adopted by the Company

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the company.

i) Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgments and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are (a) recognized and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortized cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities and unlisted preference shares are included in level 3.

**There are no transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3 during the year

(ii) Valuation technique used to determine fair value

Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include: Investments in quoted equity instruments are valued using the closing price at Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) at the reporting period.

a) The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents, borrowings and other financial liabilities are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short term nature.

NOTE 39 : Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities

Company's CSR initiatives and activities are aligned to the requirements of Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013. The primary focus areas are Child education, Sports and Health care. The Company invests in basic health care, education and social welfare activities through by way of contribution to various Trusts / NGOs / Societies / Agencies.

NOTE - 40: Financial risk management

The Company's activities expose it to market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.

This note explains the sources of risk which the entity is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk.

The company has a robust risk management framework comprising risk governance structure and defends risk management processes. The risk governance structure of the company is a formal organization structure with defend roles and responsibilities for risk management.

The Company risk management is carried out under the guidance from the board of directors. Company's board identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close coordination with the company's operating units. The board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and nonderivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity. There is no change in objectives and process for managing the risk and methods used to measure the risk as compared to previous year.

1) Credit Risk :

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will not meet its obligation under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to financial loss. The Credit risk mainly arises receivables from share broker, cash and cash equivalents, loans and deposits with banks, financial institutions & others.

a) Cash and cash equivalents:

The cash and cash equivalents are held with public bank.

b) Other Bank Balances:

Other bank balances are held with public bank.

c) Other financial assets:

Other financial assets include security deposits neither past due nor impaired

2) Liquidity Risk :

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities to meet obligations when due and to close out market positions. Due to the dynamic nature of the underlying businesses.

Company treasury maintains flexibility in funding by maintaining availability under committed credit lines. Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity position (comprising the undrawn borrowing facilities below) and cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows:

(i) Financing arrangements

The Company had access to the following undrawn borrowing facilities at the end of the reporting period:

3) Market Risk:

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risks namely interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as commodity risk. Currently The Company is not exposed to interest rate risk and currency risk whereas the exposure to other price risk is given below:

A) Market Risk- Price risk.

(a) Exposure

The company is mainly exposed to the price risk due to its dealings made in equity instruments held by the company and classified in the balance sheet at fair value through profit or loss. The price risk arises due to uncertainties about the future market values of these Equity instruments. To manage its price risk arising from holding in equity securities, the company diversifies its portfolio and does extensive market research analysis.

(b) Sensitivity

The table below summarizes the impact of increases/decreases of the BSE index on the Company's equity and Gain/ Loss for the period. The analysis is based on the assumption that the index has increased by 5% or decreased by 5% with all other variables held constant, and that all the company's equity instruments held as stock in trade moved in line with the index.

NOTE 41: Capital management (a) Risk Management

The company's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the company's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

Additional Regulatory information.

NOTE 43 :

The disclosure requirements about any transactions not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act 1961 ( such as search or surveyor any other relevant provision of Income Tax Act 1961 ) is not applicable to the company.

NOTE 44 :

The company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year. NOTE 45 :

There are no proceedings which are initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property under the Benami transactions ( Prohibition ) Act 1988 & rules made thereunder.

NOTE 46 :

The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of the Companies Act, 1956.

NOTE: 47 :

The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds (either borrowed funds or share premium or any other source or kind of funds) to any other person or entities including foreign entities (intermediaries) with an understanding that the intermediary shall directly or indirectly lend, invest in other persons or entities on behalf of the company or provide any guarantee security to any person or entities on behalf of company.

NOTE: 48 :

The Company has not received any fund from any person or entities including foreign entities(funding parties) with an understanding that the company shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities by or on behalf of the funding party or provide any guarantee security to or on behalf of the funding party.

NOTE: 49 :

No significant subsequent events have been observed which may require an adjustment to the financial statements.

NOTE: 50 :

The Company has used an Accounting software for maintaining books of Accounts which has a feature of recording Audit trail ( Edit Log) facility but the same has not been operated for the transactions recorded in the software. The Company has not enabled the Audit trail feature nor it has created Login Credentials for the personnel’s operating the Accounting software. The audit trail in the software system is available for entries but is not person specific.

NOTE : 52

Figures of Previous year are regrouped and reclassified wherever necessary.

As per our report of even date

FOR S.P.JAIN & ASSOCIATES FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS

FIRM REG. NO. 103969W (RIKEEN .P.DALAL) (SEJAL R DALAL)

DIRECTOR DIRECTOR

KAPIL JAIN DIN:01723446 DIN:01723369

PARTNER

(M. No. 108521) (YASHDHA NEEMA) (SAMIR DESAI)

UDIN : 24108521BKDGUZ2231 COMPANY SECRETARY CFO

ACS: A71458

PLACE : MUMBAI PLACE : MUMBAI

DATE : 23/05/2024 DATE : 23/05/2024