Estimation of fair value

The best evidence of fair value is current prices in an active market for similar properties.

Investment properties leased out by the Company are cancellable leases. The market rate for sale/purchase of such premises are representative of fair values. Company's investment properties are at a location where active market is available for similar kind of properties. Hence fair value is ascertained on the basis of market rates prevailing for similar properties in those location determined by an independent registered valuer and consequently classified as a level 2 valuation.

On the basis of information requested from vendors with regards to their registration (filing of Memorandum) under 'the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006. (27 of 2006)' and in view of the terms of payments not exceeding 45 days, which has been promptly paid, no liability exists as at 31 March 2023 and 31 March 2022 and hence no disclosures have been made in this regard.

b. Terms/rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of H 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The interim dividend declared by the Board of Directors and the final dividend proposed by the Board of Directors and approved by the shareholders in the annual general meeting is paid in Indian rupees. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

b Nature and purpose of reserve

Reserve fund in terms of section 45-IC(1) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

Reserve fund is created as per the terms of section 45-IC(1) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 as a statutory reserve.

Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve can be utilised only for limited purposes in accordance section 52 and other provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

General reserve

General reserve is free reserve available for distribution as recommended by Board in accordance with requirements of the Companies Act, 2013.

Equity instruments through other comprehensive income

The Company has elected to recognise changes in the fair value of certain investments in equity securities in other comprehensive income. These changes are accumulated within the FVTOCI equity investments reserve within equity. The Company transfers amounts from this reserve to retained earnings when the relevant equity securities are derecognised.

Debt instruments through other comprehensive income

The Company recognises changes in the fair value of debt instruments held with business objective of collect and sell in other comprehensive income. These changes are accumulated within the FVTOCI debt instruments reserve within equity. The Company transfers amounts from this reserve to the Statement of Profit and Loss when the debt instrument is sold. Any impairment loss on such instruments is reclassified immediately to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Hedge instruments through other comprehensive income

It represents the effective portion of the fair value of forward contracts designated as cashflow hedge.

There are no capital and other commitments outstanding as on 31 March 2023 and 31 March 2022, except as disclosed above.

28 Employee benefit plans

Liability for employee benefits has been determined by an actuary, appointed for the purpose, in conformity with the principles set out in the Indian Accounting Standard 19 the details of which are as hereunder.

Funded schemes

The Company provides for gratuity payments to employees. The gratuity benefit payable to the employees of the Company is greater of the provisions of the payment of gratuity Act, 1972 and the Company's gratuity scheme.

Employees who are in continuous service for a period of 5 years are eligible for gratuity. The gratuity plan is a funded plan and the Company makes contributions to approved gratuity fund.

Sensitivity analysis

Gratuity is a lump sum plan and the cost of providing these benefits is typically less sensitive to small changes in demographic assumptions. The key actuarial assumptions to which the benefit obligation results are particularly sensitive to are discount rate and future salary escalation rate. The following table summarises the impact in percentage terms on the reported defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period arising on account of an increase or decrease in the reported assumption by 50 basis points.

These sensitivities have been calculated to show the movement in defined benefit obligation in isolation and assuming there are no other changes in market conditions at the accounting date. There have been no changes from the previous periods in the methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis.

Funding arrangement and policy

The money contributed by the Company to the fund to finance the liabilities of the plan has to be invested.

The trustees of the plan have outsourced the investment management of the fund to insurance companies. The insurance companies in turn manage these funds as per the mandate provided to them by the trustees and the asset allocation which is within the permissible limits prescribed in the insurance regulations.

There is no compulsion on the part of the Company to fully pre fund the liability of the Plan. The Company's philosophy is to fund the benefits based on its own liquidity and tax position as well as level of under funding of the plan.

The expected contribution payable to fund under the plan next year is H 0.79 crore Projected plan cash flow

The table below shows the expected cash flow profile of the benefits to be paid to the current membership of the plan

29 Segment information

The Company is essentially a holding and investment company focusing on earning income through dividends, interest and gains on investments held. Hence, the Company's business activity falls within a single business segment i.e. investments.

30 Lease As a lessor

The Company has given premises on operating leases. These lease arrangements range for a period between one to five years and include both cancellable and non cancellable leases. Most of the leases are renewable for further period on mutually agreeable terms and also include escalation clauses.

The Company had total cash outflow for leases of H 32.04 crore for the year ended 31 March 2023 (Previous year H 29.97 crore).

The Company expects to exercise the extension option for the lease term and cancellation clause shall not be invoked. Hence the disclosure requirement pertaining to undiscounted potential future rental payments on account of 'Extension options expected not to be exercised' and 'Termination options expected to be exercised' are not disclosed.

ii) Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the basis of estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are

(a) recognised and measured at fair value and

(b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the Accounting Standard, which are explained herein below.

Valuation principles

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price), regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using a valuation technique.

In order to show how fair values have been derived, financial instruments are classified based on a hierarchy of valuation techniques, as explained below

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices in active markets. Quotes would include rates / values / valuation references published periodically by BSE, NSE etc. basis which trades take place in a linked or unlinked active market. This includes traded bonds and mutual funds, as the case may be, that have quoted price/rate/value.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data (either directly as prices or indirectly derived from prices) and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.

Valuation techniques used to determine fair value

Valuation techniques used to determine fair value include

• Open ended mutual funds and certain bonds and debentures at NAV's/rates declared and/or quoted.

• Close ended mutual funds at NAV's declared by AMFI.

• For government debt securities, values with references to prevailing yields to maturity matching tenure, quoted on sites of credible organisation such as FBIL (Financial Benchmark of India Ltd.).

• For other bonds and debentures values with references to prevailing yields to maturity matching tenures, quoted on sites of credible organisation such as ICRA (Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency).

• Commercial papers and certificate of deposits, being short-term maturity papers, amortised cost is assumed to be the fair value.

The carrying amounts of trade payables, other financial assets/liabilities, loans and cash and cash equivalents are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature.

33 Financial risk management

The Company has operations in India. Whilst risk is inherent in the Company's activities, it is managed through a risk management framework, including ongoing identification, measurement and monitoring subject to risk limits and other controls. The Company's activities expose it to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk.

This note explains the sources of risk which the Company is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk.

The Board of Directors provide guiding principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as, credit risk, liquidity risk, and investment of available funds. The Company's risk management is carried out by its Risk Management Committee as per the policies approved by the Board of Directors. Accordingly, Company's Risk Management Committee identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks.

A. Credit risk

The Company being an investment company, credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty may default on its contractual obligations leading to a financial loss to the Company. Credit risk primarily arises from cash equivalents, financial assets measured at amortised cost, FVTOCI and FVTPL.

Credit risk management

For other financial assets and investments, the Company has an investment policy which allows the Company to invest only with counterparties having a credit rating equal to or above AA- and P1 . The substantial portion of surplus funds of the Company are invested with counterparties having a credit rating equal to or above AA .

The Company reviews the creditworthiness of these counterparties on an on-going basis. Counter party limits maybe updated as and when required subject to approval of Board of Directors.

B. Liquidity risk

The Company's principal sources of liquidity are 'cash and cash equivalents' and cash flows that are generated from operations. The Company believes that its working capital is sufficient to meet the financial liabilities within maturity period. The Company has no borrowings.

Additionally, the Company has invested its surplus funds in debt securities or instruments of similar profile thereby ensuring safety of capital and availability of liquidity as and when required. Hence, the Company carries a negligible liquidity risk.

C. Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument which fluctuates because of changes in the market interest rates. In order to optimise the Company's position with regards to interest income, treasury team manages the interest rate risk by diversifying its portfolio across tenures.

D. Price risk

The Company's exposure to equity securities risk arises from investments held by the Company and classified in the Balance Sheet as FVTOCI (see note 32).

To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the Company diversifies its portfolio across capitalisation sectors with large cap bias and active monitoring of the portfolio constituents and news flow using relevant application tools. Diversification of the portfolio is in accordance with investment policy of the Company.

Majority of Company's equity investments are publicly traded and are included in the NSE Nifty 200 index.

As regards investments in unlisted privately held companies, the fair valuations are largely dependent on the investee company's ability to achieve desired outcomes which measure the performance of the Company and bear on the valuation. Hence the key price risk emanates from performance shortfall due to industry risks, policy changes and liquidity risk given the lower exit probability.

E. Other risk (Market risk)

The Company has deployed its surplus funds in equity, debt, money market and other instruments (including through funds). The Company is exposed to price and volatility risk on such investments.

The Company has strategic asset allocation benchmarks and risk limits, including financial VaR and interest rate and equity sensitivity limits. These limits are monitored and reported to the decision making bodies.

The Company has invested 27% of its net assets in debt securities, liquid debt securities such as liquid mutual funds to ensure adequate liquidity is available. Hence temporary market shocks are not considered to have material impacts on these Investments. Nevertheless, The Company has invested its surplus funds primarily in debt instruments with CRISIL AAA & STABLE A1 rating and thus the Company does not have significant risk exposure here.

34 Capital management

a) Objectives, policies and processes of capital management

The Company is cash surplus and has only equity capital. The Company operates as an Investment Company and consequently is registered as a Non-Banking Financial Institution - Investment and Credit Company (NBFC-ICC) with Reserve Bank of India (RBI). As per RBI's 'Scale Based Regulations' (SBR), the Company is classified as NBFC - Base Layer (NBFC-BL).

The cash surpluses are currently invested in equity, debt, money market and other instruments (including through funds) depending on economic conditions in line with Investment Policy set by the Management.

Safety of capital is of prime importance to ensure availability of capital for operations. Investment objective is to provide safety and adequate return on the surplus funds.

1. As defined in point xix of paragraph 3 of Chapter -2 of Non-Banking Financial Company - Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016.

2. Provisioning norms shall be applicable as prescribed in Non-Banking Financial Company - Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016.

3. All Ind AS and Guidance Notes issued by ICAI are applicable including for valuation of investments and other assets as also assets acquired in satisfaction of debt. However, market value in respect of quoted investments and break up/fair value/NAV in respect of unquoted investments should be disclosed irrespective of whether they are classified as long-term or current in (5) above.

37 Other notes

a. The Company has performed an assessment to identify transactions with struck off companies as at 31 March 2023 and no such company was identified.

b. No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ('Intermediaries'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ('Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

c. No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ('Funding Parties'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ('Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

d. The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.

e. The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

38 Events after reporting date

There have been no events after the reporting date that require disclosure in these financial statements.

39 Miscellaneous

Amounts less than H 50,000 have been shown at actual against respective line items statutorily required to

be disclosed.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the standalone financial statements.